The generalized materials of the priority directions of a state policy in the field of healthy food of the population in extreme conditions of the North are presented in article; results of epidemiological, hygienic and clinical trials. Questions of quality and safety of food, maintaining food and innovative policy in the region, development of modern food technologies and creation of new types of food of a functional purpose are considered. Regional aspects of optimization of food structure of various groups of the population, including pregnant women and nursing mothers, children and adolescents, youth and adult population with various nutritional and dietary requirements are shown. The leading role of the Centers of health and offices of healthy food in formation among the population of skills and feeding culture and prevention of the diseases connected with food violation is defined. Mechanisms of creation of effective information system in the field of monitoring of food, promotion and promoting of ideas of healthy food are offered.

During the period since the adoption of the Doctrine of a healthy lifestyle in the Republic a holistic organizational-economic, scientific-methodical, informational and educational mechanism for implementing policy for healthy lifestyle and nutrition among different population groups has been formed. The priority areas of actions, one of which is the promotion and skills training and a healthy food, contributing to the prevention of nutritionrelated chronic and non-communicable diseases are determined. Regulations, guidance documents on implementation of the state policy in the field of healthy lifestyle and nutrition, disease prevention are developed and implemented. Experience of healthy lifestyle base stations at the municipal level is shown; legal framework for improving the preventive work in health care organizations has been prepared, besides there was carried out the work on the organization of the health centers.

Taking into account the priorities of nutrition policy for the evaluation of actual nutrition following research samples were formed: pregnant women, nursing mothers, young children, pre­school and school age, various groups of the adult population. The results showed an irrational nature of the actual supply and inadequate eating behavior among different groups of the population of Yakutia and were the rationale for development of legal acts, policy documents, information, scientific, methodical and educational and training systems, including the development of creation of an automated system for nutrition monitoring of different groups of the population.

Evaluation of the introduction of modern principles for protection and supporting breastfeeding in practice of maternityand childhood hospitals has been done. Women with infants (12­36 months) were interviewed, in children’s clinics, with or without the title of theWHO / UNICEF «Baby Friendly Hospital» (BFH and NBFH). The results showed that in clinics, introducing modern principles of the protection and support of breastfeeding and having the title of the BFH, the average duration of breastfeeding and the proportion of children exclusively breastfed up to 6 months were more than in NBFH clinics. The conducted dispensary analysis confirmed the impact of medical ­ organizational factors on breastfeeding. The study confirmed the importance of modern protection and support technology of breastfeeding to increase its duration.

The traditions of breastfeeding in Bashkirs –early breastfeeding immediately after birth, feeding without restrictions until two years are presented. Bashkir rules of breastfeeding were based on Islamic religion foundation that demanded obligatory breastfeeding, which provided immense grace for mother. Centuries-old national traditions and Bashkir experience of breastfeeding are fully confirmed by scientific investigations and correspond to actual international recommendations.

The analysis of indicators of breastfeeding per 2004­2013 according to statistics of the Ministry of Health of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) on certain areas of medical and economic zoning of the Republic (the Arctic, agricultural and industrial) is carried out. Different levels of breastfeeding rates in dynamics for 10 years on separate territories are specified. The evaluation of the work of the «School of breastfeeding» in 35 municipalities is done and efficient sources of promoting and supporting breastfeeding are identified.

We estimated the feeding of the younger generation of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia). With the help of the questionnaire we found out that the level of breastfeeding up to 4 months was high and made 92% in urban children and 70% of rural ones. In preschool institutions nutrition is unbalanced, with a predominance of carbohydrates. In the adolescents of school age nutrition is deficient on the main components of food, unbalanced on nutrient composition and is characterized by a reduced energy value of the daily diet. The majority of the students have disordered regime and nutrition due to the limited budget in the selection of natural products. This study has shown that in all age groups nutrition must be corrected with a possible use of multivitamin-mineral complexes.

This article analyzes health status indicators of adolescent population of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia), including the dynamics of diseases, socially conditioned diseases, disability and mortality among the teenage population. Negative trends of deceasing of adolescent population, the increase in performance of both primary and general morbidity were established. Analysis of the dynamics of disability among children and adolescents showed a reduction in performance. Among the main causes of deaths in adolescence are external causes, there is no downward trend.

The analysis of clinical reports of children with urogenital system pathology treated in Nephrological and Urological units of the Pediatric Centre SBI RS(Y) RH №1 – NCM for 2012-2014 was carried. The structure of congenital anomalies of urinary system in children is established for the first time.

The purpose of this article was to study the features of course, prevalence, and the cholecystitis formation causes in children of Sakha (Yakutia). The following clinical features of cholangitis and cholecystitis in children: pain in the right hypochondrium, nausea, vomiting, fevers up to 37, 5 degrees C were revealed. Positive symptoms by Ortner, Musset, Murphy and Kera were found in the all examined children. On ultrasound thickening of the walls of the gall bladder, enlargement of the gallbladder, which is an indirect evidence of the inflammatory process, were revealed.

The modern characteristic of providing children of early age by specialized products of baby food in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is given. The assessment of the organization of medical foods in the children’s medical organizations is carried out. Separate problems at various stages of the organization of free and medical foods are revealed. In the solution of these problems scientifically based recommendations about food improvement are developed, pilot platforms are created, innovative technologies of optimization of structure of food of younger generation take root.

Educational institutions make the only system of public education which covers all children and adolescents of the country during a long period of time. The pupils spend the most part of a day (more than 70%) at school. The time of their education coincides with the period of physical growth and development when a child’s body is most sensitive to impacts of the external environment. High growth rates and intensive metabolism demand constant and sufficient inflow of nutrients with food.

But recent research conducted by the Research Institute of Nutrition in various Russian regions show that the children and adolescent diet significantly lacks a whole range of nutrients, including vitamins A,C, B2, iron, calcium, iodine, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and dietary fiber. Resulting from dietary disorders, the health state and anthropometric characteristics of children and youths deteriorate significantly. Health indices of students start deteriorating at elementary school. Presently, less than 5% of elementary school pupils are considered absolutely healthy. In senior grades, absolutely health pupils make about 2% [1].

The Sakha Republic (Yakutia) is the largest Russian region in terms of its territory and has the lowest population density; in 2012, its population was 955.5 thousand people, including 620.5 thousand urban residents and

335.9 thousand rural residents. In 2012, the natural population increase equaled to 8.0 thousand people. The demographic indexes in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) have increased twice as compared with those of 2000, notably, the natural population growth index (per 1000 people ) was 4.0 in 2000 and 8.5 in 2012 [2].

In 2013, common sickness rates among children aged 0 through 18 years decreased by 10.2 per 1000 children compared with rates in 2012. In 2013, the occurrence of digestive system diseases among children increased by 20.4 per 1000 children compared with the data for 2012 [3].

Feeding children and adolescents with high­quality food, especially, at educational institutions is one of the most important issues in regions under extreme climates, where many families have low income and the structure of population feeding has specific regional features.

Nutritional deficiencies and high sickness prevail among school­aged children in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia).

The investigation of amino acids content in urine and assessment of effectiveness of the product «Growth Formula Standard» in nutrition of students was done. As it is shown the lack of basic amino acids in body slows down growth, mental capacity, development and hormonal maturation of organism. This is especially important during adolescence. The minerals and vitamins contained in the product «Formula Growth Standard» undoubtedly affect the change in the digestibility of amino acids. The introduction of a specialized product with the composition of amino acids in combination with vitamins and minerals resulted in height and weight increase, which indicated the efficiency of its use among schoolchildren.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the physical development and diet of children with diseases of the urinary system. According to the results of the study it was found that children with diseases of the urinary system lagged behind their healthy peers on anthropometric parameters. At the analysis of the patient’s body weight deviations from recommended one it was revealed that in the majority of patients of the main group mild to moderate malnutrition degrees were noted. At comparing the diets, it was noted that low­protein diet helps to reduce the rate of fall in glomerular filtration.

Analysis of nutrition management of children infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, being treated in the children's sanatoria of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) was done. Data reporting on patients’ nutrition management were analyzed, 640 menu­layouts derived from 9 regional children's tuberculosis sanatoria for 2011­2012were studied. In the children's sanatoria of Sakha (Yakutia) Republic discrepancies toRAMS Institute of Nutrition recommended standards of consumption of basic foods, calorie, protein, fat and carbohydrateswere established.

Actual nutrition of Zhilinda Olenek district of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) population before developing Tomtor deposits of rare earth metals was evaluated. Results of the study indicate a significant deficiency in the daily diet of fruits, vegetables, dairy products and eggs. Attention is drawn to the frequent use of such foods as cereals, pasta, sweets and sugar. Thus, the nutrition of the surveyed sample is unbalanced and suggests a lack of basic dietary micronutrients, minerals and vitamins.

The paper presents results of the analysis of traditional food, economic activity and lifestyle in foci of VEM. It shows the influence of changing living conditions in the epidemic process of the disease. The positive influence of improving living conditions to reduce the incidence of VEM acute cases VEM, at the same time it creates the problem of diagnosis of the disease in patients with primary chronic form.

The evaluation of actual nutrition of the population in various medical and economic areas of the republic (industrial, agricultural, Arctic) by frequency analysis of food consumption, in accordance with a standardized questionnaire developed by FGBNU «Nutrition Research Institute» employees and the State Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and supplemented by the Nutrition Center of Research Health Institute NEFU named after M.K. Ammosov is carried out. The analysis of compliance of the quality control and food safety in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia), the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation, legislation of the Customs Union is made. The parameters of the consumption of certain food groups by people living in a variety of medical and economic areas of the Republic, including products of local food staples and national dishes are established. Also the researchers identified problems, causes of biosafety of food in the Republic.

On sample of indigenous rural population research of a nutrition, physical activity, and monthly level of the income, the social status and anthropometrical indexes is carried out. At a significant proportion of the surveyed population against an unbalanced nutrition and insufficient physical activity signs of the metabolic disorders bound to the raised mass of a body are observed. High degree of prevalence of overweight and obesity, probably, is a consequence of a misbalance between energy consumption and energy costs.

The article presents a clinical case of neck and retrosternal goiter. We describe the clinical features and diagnosis of cervical­retrosternal goiter when intrathoracic goiter location cannot be determined by palpation.

In order to identify risk factors of nutrition­related diseases using a system Nutritest IP­3 the nutritional status of 3500 patients (mean age 48.4 ± 0.3 years), living in the Moscow region, has been examined. In the analysis of dietary intake on the average increased ration calorie due to excess intake of the total and saturated fat has been shown. Patients were overweight and obese. Osteopenia and osteoporosis were detected. Analysis of the results of biochemical studies revealed in patients increased levels of cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose. These experiments allow developing a system of prevention of noncommunicable diseases, to carry out a personalized alimentary correction of violations of nutritional status taking into account gender and age features.

The aim of the investigation was to study the comorbid status in patients with acidity­related diseases and hypertension.

Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of medical records of 63 patients with acidity­related diseases, which were treated in the therapeutic department of the Republican Hospital №1 of Yakutsk, was done.

The study identified comorbid course of acidity­relateddiseases with arterial hypertension, respiratory diseases and urinary system that may be associated with a single mechanism of lesions of various organs and systems.

Features of metabologram in patients with coronary heart disease and obesity according to indirect calorimetry were studied. It wasrevealed that the respiratory quotient (RQ) was significantly higher in patients with angina and obesity. Elevated levels of RQ can be seen as a predictor of cardiovascular risk and reflect a violation of fat oxidation.

The results of glucose­insulin indicators levels study in patients with verified coronary atherosclerosis in comparison with persons without clinical signs of coronary heart disease, depending on ethnic and gender are presented in this article. Among inhabitants of Yakutia coronary atherosclerosis correlated with all studied indicators: since elevated levels of glucose (r=0.344, p<0.01), C­peptide (r=0.713, р<0.01), insulin (r=0.566, р<0.01) and HOMA­IR index (r=0.581, р<0.01). In comparison groups ethnic differences were characterized by higher levels of insulin (р=0.004) and HOMA­IR index (r=0.026) in native women, while in non­native men and women were higher glucose levels (р=0.000). Gender differences were also obtained in comparison groups: insulin and HOMA­IR index levels (р=0.000) in native women, also C­peptide (r=0.004) and insulin (r=0.000) levels in non­native women were higher unlike men.

In order to define a control locus form in obese patients and a degree of its influence on effectiveness of weight loss 58 people aged 25­56 years with body mass index of more than 27, 0 kg/m² were studied. The nutrient mixture «Slim» (FF specialized dry food mixed composition «Slim») was applied. The evaluation of the control locus form at first revealed that some patients being externals at baseline, moved into the group of internals at the end of treatment; no people underwent the reverse transition. In a group of patients who were externalities in the early treatment and at the end changing form of control locus, potency in the weight loss is of intermediate value, but the highest degree of commitment is revealed. It was found that the best compliance with the program for short­ term weight loss was typical for patients with predominant externality. In the long term there is a trend towards greater commitment to the recommendations of the internals.

The article presents results of studies of nutritional and biological value of the Siberian Indigirka population whitefish of autumn­winter catchof the Republic Sakha (Yakutia). It is found that by the number of protein the Siberian whitefish refers to average protein, and by fat content – to particularly fatty types of fish and high­caloric foods.

In order to obtain pectin powder a hardware­technological scheme of fruit pomace processing using polymeric sorbents is designed. At the stage of pomace extraction in the scheme polymer sorbents and electroactivated aqueous solution (anolyte) sodium chloride were used. This powder can be used as a food additivein the canning, confectionery and bakery.

Theoretical aspects of food security of the Russian Federation are considered. The comparative analysis of the actual food according to selective inspection of budgets of house farms during 2001, 2008­2012 and epidemiological research of the actual food in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Russian Federation and in federal districts is carried out.

Realization of numerous and vital functions of vitamin D in a human body closely depends on supply of an organism with all other vitaminsnecessary for formation of hormonally active form of vitamin D and normal implementation of the vital biochemical and physiological processescontrolled by it.The above mentioned proves expediency of the combined use of vitamin D and a complex of all other 12 vitamins as in the medical, andpreventive purposes (the concept vitamin D + 12 vitamins)

A survey of parents living in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), concerning health of family members was carried out. The questionnaire also included questions about how parents instilled healthy lifestyle to their children, and importance of doctor’s opinion in certain situations.

Medico­social, psychodiagnostic and biochemical studies of the working population of Yakutia were carried out. The survey covered bothrural (indigenous population) and urban residents (non­indigenous population). Analysis of lipid metabolism disorders in the population of Yakutia revealed that one of the reasons expressed by deviations from the normal values of lipid metabolism in the indigenous population is smoking and alcohol consumption, possibly due to the low standard of living.

The change of biochemical parameters of blood in patients with alcoholism was investigated. High activity of enzymes, reflecting reserve possibilities of an organism, showed a decrease of adaptation in 50% of patients with alcoholism. A significant change in lipid metabolism is associated with the acceleration of lipid peroxidation. Hypovitaminosis and decreased activity of antioxidant system are the basis for the recommendations to include in the rehabilitation program of higher doses of vitamins and antioxidants.

Efficiency evaluation of «Epsorin» in complex treatment of mandibular fractures was conducted. The use of «Epsorin» revealed changes ofvalues of nonspecific adaptive response, which were connected with positive phase increasing and significantly reducing of phase «stress», which indicated its clinical efficacy.