The analysis of the data of 18,117 death cases of the Republican Statistical Office of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) for 2001 - 2015 was carried out. We analyzed a socio-economic damage related to mortality from malignant neoplasms (MN). In order to rank certain forms of MN according to the degree of their socio-economic importance, we have used a method of counting based on a derivative of the average life expectancy, expressed in the loss of man-years of life.

In this paper we presented the results of the analysis of associations of the Helicobacter pylori babA gene variants with gastroduodenal diseases (erosive and chronic gastritis) of patients in Yakutia. It was shown that babA2 prevailed in patients with erosive gastritis than in patients with chronic gastritis, while babA1 was more common in patients with chronic gastritis, than in patients with erosive gastritis. In addition, it was shown that babA2 was more common in men than in women and it is indicating that the infection of men with the H. pylori strain with a babA2 gene variant may be an additional risk factor for more severe gastroduodenal diseases.

We conducted a replicative associations analysis of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms of 4 most significant genes of hereditary thrombophilia with the development of preeclampsia (PE) in the Yakut population: rs1801133 (C677T) in the MTHFR gene, rs1799963 (G20210A) in the F2, rs6025 (G999A) in the F5 gene and rs1799889 (-675 4G/5G) in the SERPINE1 gene. The results of this study indicate a statistically significant association of 4G allele of polymorphic variant rs1799889 (-675 4G/5G) in the SERPINE1 gene in formation of a hereditary predisposition to the development of this pregnancy complication in Yakuts, both in the general group of patients and in the subgroup of patients with severe PE.

The study of polymorphism rs1799983 of the NOS3 gene in healthy individuals in the Yakut population was carried out. Genotyping revealed the predominance of the G allele among the Yakut population. Analysis of the frequency of occurrence of the genotypes of the polymorphic variant rs1799983 of the NOS3 gene revealed that carriers of the homozygous GG genotype prevailed among all examined individuals (83.56%). Thus, the study of polymorphism rs1799983 of the NOS3 gene in various ethnic groups may have the prospect of developing personalized medicine to predict fibrotic changes in the liver.

Ethnic differences in allele frequencies and genotype distribution for polymorphic variants of NAT2 gene (NAT2*5, NAT2*6, NAT2*7) were studied among ethnic Yakuts and Russians with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis. This is the first study to establish allele and genotype frequencies for polymorphic variants of NAT2 gene (NAT2*5, *6, *7) among ethnic Yakuts and Russians, who permanently reside in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). Prevalence of NAT2*5, *6, *7 polymorphisms among Yakuts and Russians was determined, and ethnic differences were shown in allele frequencies and genotype distribution of NAT2 polymorphic variants: rs1801280 (341T>C), rs1799930 (590G>A), and rs1799931 (857G>A).

The specific features of urgent adaptations of a number of functional systems of the body in response to a cycle-ergometric test were under study, and marker criteria for assessing the level of exercise tolerance were identified. Based on the study of heart rate variability, indirect calorimetry, capillary blood flow and a modified PWC₁₇₀ test, a comparative study was carried out on young men aged 17-19 who were students from among Caucasians born in the North in the 1st and 2nd generations. The results of the study made it possible to establish that the most important and informative indices reflecting the degree of tolerance to the load are the heart rate, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the exhaled air, the oxygen utilization factor, and the rate of capillary blood flow. During the performance of the stress test, such criteria are heart rate, MxDMn in relation to heart rate, reflecting the degree of decrease in parasympathetic activation, as well as the level of oxygen consumption, whose values in individuals with normal load resistance continue to increase until the end of the test.

A comparative study of the blood immune cells functional activity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients associated with the human endogenous retrovirus HERV - E λ 4-1 activation, as well as the immunomodulating properties of the homologous to a conservative region of hydrophobic transmembrane protein p15E 17 - amino acid synthetic oligopeptide was held.
We found that multiple sclerosis patients with activated retrovirus HERV - E λ 4-1 are characterized by a higher blood immune cells functional activity, compared with healthy donors, as well as in MS patients, in whose blood mononuclear cells the expression of this retrovirus was not detected. Synthetic 17 - amino acid oligopeptide, homologous to the conservative region of the hydrophobic transmembrane protein p15E of the HERV retrovirus - E λ 4-1, increases the functional activity of blood mononuclear cells of MS patients, as well as the immune system central and peripheral organs cells and blood mononuclear cells of experimental animals in vivo. This oligopeptide’s effect was not genetically restricted.

We manufactured electrospun 1.5 mm vascular patches using polycaprolactone and polyhydroxybutirate/valerate, which were modified by different linear or cyclic RGD peptides (RGDK, AhRGD и c[RGDFK]) and 1,6- hexamethylenediamine or 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine. The physicomechanical and hemocompatible properties of the developed structures were studied. Human a.mammaria and xenopericardial flap “KemPeriplas-Neo”, widely used in the clinic for carotid endarterectomy, were used as comparison groups. It was revealed that PHBV / PCL polymer patches with and without RGD caused significantly less erythrocyte hemolysis and platelet aggregation than the xenopericardial flap “KemPeriplas-Neo”, which may indicate a high biocompatibility of polymers and modifying agents used to make vascular patches.

The article is devoted to the problem of surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). The paper presents a comparison of the results of surgical treatment performed from a standard access with a mandatory revision of 4 parathyroid glands and a gentle method of small access with the removal of the affected parathyroid glands. The obtained results showed the promise of sparing approach to the treatment of PPT caused by adenoma of the parathyroid glands.

The article reports the study of possibility of predicting bone fractures by determining the concentration of bone remodeling markers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
It was revealed that at RA, complicated by osteoporosis, as well as in the presence of pathological bone fractures in patients, an increase in C-telopeptide type I collagen, serum P1NP, urine calcium / creatinine, and a decrease in serum 25-OH vitamin D are observed.

The paper presents an original method for determining the degree of impaired evacuation function of the stomach in patients with duodenal ulcer stenosis.
The method includes conducting daily intragastric pH monitoring, counting the number of duodenogastric refluxes and determining the values of the indicators: «the ratio of pH in the body of the stomach to the pH in the antrum of the stomach», «the variation of pH in the cardiac section of the stomach», and the calculation of prognostic factors. The accuracy of determining the degree of violation of the evacuation function of the stomach of the claimed method was 92%.

The epidemiology of osteoarthritis of the knee joints (gonarthrosis) among the indigenous rural residents of Yakutia was studied.
The average age of gonarthrosis patients among the rural population was 56 years. It has been established that the main risk factor for gonarthrosis for the rural population is mechanical overload of the joint in the cold.
The high prevalence of gonarthrosis among the indigenous rural residents of Yakutia is due to the life features of the population in the region with an extreme climate.

We determined the contribution of the endocrine system to the formation of neurotic, stress-related disorders in order to identify the criteria for predicting their protracted course. A comprehensive clinical-psychopathological and hormonal examination of women with various types of the course of neurotic, stress-related disorders was performed. A psychopathological study of patients showed that overexertion of protective mental mechanisms associated with the impact of a stressful situation can lead to a breakdown in adaptation, disturbances of normal functioning and the emergence of various neurotic symptoms.
We determined the hormonal criteria for predicting a protracted course of neurotic, stress-related disorders with the formation of a persistent personality changes at an early stage of the disease - at the stage of disorder of adaptive reactions.

The authors assessed immunological and genetic status of children under excessive intake of nitrates with drinking water in a particular biogeochemical province of Perm region.
The changes in cellular component of the immune system (inhibition of T-cell receptors CD95+ and intracellular proteins Bcl2), TH deficiency, the increased expression of tumor markers associated with the growth in N-nitrosodimethylamine concentration in the blood, significant both in relation to the reference level and the comparison group were found. An increase in specific IgG to N-nitrosodimethylamine (p<0.05) was detected. The study results of the gene polymorphism frequency revealed its features in children of nitrate province according to the criterion of minor allele of genes: MTHFR, PPARA, CPOX, CYP1A2, BRCA1, which characterize the eventual violations of detoxification and cancer proliferation functions.

A comprehensive clinical and laboratory research of women from the Amur region was carried on during and after their pregnancy. The environment in the Amur region is characterized by low level of I, Se, high content of Mn, Fe, Zn and an imbalance of other trace elements. Research showed an increased amount of Cu in serum and decreased amount of Cu in blood cells. In anemia, regardless of the level of Fe, there was a decrease in Co, Se in serum and an increase in Mn in blood cells. The distinctive features of microelement status for iron deficiency anemia – an increased Mn in blood serum; for iron-saturated anemia – increased Li in serum, increased Li and Co in blood cells were determined.

Lipid peroxidation of native people and non-native residents in Yakutia was compared. The obtained data clearly indicate existence of lengthening of the adaptation phase under modern socio-economic conditions of life of the population of Yakutia compared to similar studies of the several decades before. It is likely that adaptation to the harsh conditions of the North is associated with the activation of an antioxidant-responsive element that induces the expression of proteins responsible for maintaining internal homeostasis.

The article presents the results of a retrospective study on the role of pathogenic infectious factors on the probability of developing congenital heart disease (CHD) in newborn children in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
We conducted an assessment of a number of anamnestic factors on the part of the mother: 1) the results of immunological tests for a number of infections (IgM and IgG to toxoplasmas, chlamydia, herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus); 2) various harmful factors of infectious genesis (recorded cases of SARS at various stages of pregnancy, viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, etc.).
We have found that cytomegalovirus infection, herpesvirus infection and acute respiratory viral infection in early pregnancy are a risk factor for congenital heart disease.

The social portrait of the Yakutsk long-livers is compiled based on the primary data analysis. Long-livers, who spent their childhood and youth in the war years, are still not clearly defined as a separate group in many scientifical areas. An interdisciplinary approach revealed the history of life, gender and psychological differences of people 90 years of age and older in order to identify common and stable characteristics of the portrayed group.

The analysis of cytological studies of biomaterial from the cervix and cervical canal for the occurrence of precancerous diseases and cancer of the cervix in women of post-reproductive age is carried out. The biomaterial was obtained from 2016 to 2018.

A retrospective analysis of the medical history of in-patients was carried out to study concomitant diseases and risk factors for gastroduodenal erosion (GDE).
Patients were divided into 2 groups – indigenous, constantly residing in the North and non-indigenous, arrived to Yakutia from the other regions of Russia and residing for 10-15 yrs.
Among those examined with erosive lesions of gastric mucosa, males predominate. Of the age groups, GDE is often found in the elder people, mainly in the indigenous population. Clinical symptoms are dominated by epigastric pain, heartburn, belching, and flatulence. More often chronic erosion is detected in the antrum and prepiloric portion of the stomach. According to a biopsy, in patients with gastric mucosa erosion, an inflammatory-hyperplastic type is detected, more often in the indigenous. Gastritis dominates in the concomitant diseases, while in the indigenous – atrophic gastritis and mixed gastritis in the non-indigenous. Among diseases of other organs and systems, cardiovascular diseases rank first, CHD in the indigenous, and hypertension in the non- indigenous.

The article presents the content of vitamins B1 and B2 in the most used foods: cereals, legumes, meat and lactic acid. The results of the study showed that heat treatment affects the content of these vitamins. Moreover, the greatest losses of thiamine in the preparation of products are from 20% to 71.5%, and riboflavin from 16.3% to 71.5%.

The article presents the results of a study of the diets of students living in v. Kysyl-Syr of the Namsky district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). A questionnaire survey revealed that children do not consume enough fish, dairy products, vegetables, fruits and eggs with excessive consumption of sugar and salt. Medical examination of children showed the greatest prevalence of dental pathology, respiratory diseases and musculoskeletal system diseases.

The article presents the results of a study to identify the ongoing transformation of the culture of everyday food of the rural population, allowing us to talk about changes in the culture of everyday food in two conditionally separated aspects: material and spiritual, understood as traditions, taboos, proverbs and sayings related to food or specific dishes. The article presents a comprehensive description of the actual nutrition and analysis of the overall morbidity of the adult population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) over the past 20 years by the main classes of diseases.

The purpose of the study is to determine the characteristics of the distribution of the level of DC potential of the brain in children with a high level of anxiety living in the Arctic region. We have revealed an increase in the absolute values of the constant DC potential of high-anxious children living in the Arctic region. The results of the study indicate a higher energy consumption of the brain in children living in the Arctic region. An increase in total DC potentials indicators was recorded. In children with high anxiety, these indicators show even greater DC potentials.

To establish the features of primary incidence of melanoma evolution in the population of circumpolar region of the Russian Federation (on the example of the Arkhangelsk region) in 2007 – 2017 a retrospective observational register-based study was performed. In study period, incidence rate of a skin melanoma in the male population of the Region increased by 103.1% (from 3.2 to 6.5 cases per 100.000 population); in the female population – by 33.3% (from 8.7 to 11.6 cases per 100.000 population). Women were in the gender group at risk of developing this kind of neoplasms; older and elderly people were in the age group at risk. Cohort (intra-generational) and period (inter-generational) effects in the dynamic of age-specific indicators of the incidence rate of skin melanoma were revealed.

The study evaluated the relationship between obesity and mineral bone density (BMD) of the axial skeleton in postmenopausal period of women living in the conditions of Yakutia. It was revealed that the body mass index statistically significantly affects the mineral density of bone tissue, while the ratio of muscle tissue to adipose tissue is very important. The increased mineralization of the bone tissue of the axial skeleton in postmenopausal women directly depends on the degree of obesity.

The literature review presents current information on the course of chronic heart failure (CHF) against the background of comorbid associations. Special attention is paid to modern methods of diagnosis of morphofunctional parameters of the myocardium, the importance of immunological status, prognosis.

To date, there are no methods of treatment and prevention of the development of epilepsy in people at risk. All this indicates the need for a search for biomarkers of epileptogenesis, diagnosis, disease progression, drug response and treatment safety.
As biomarkers of epilepsy, the following are considered: electrophysiological changes, the presence of a clinical attack, genetic changes, micro ribonucleic acid (microRNA) of plasma / serum / cerebrospinal fluid; protein biomarkers, plasma exosome biomarkers, cerebral cortex microRNAs; biomarkers, strain gauge images / diffusion-weighted images of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
The authors review the literature on modern studies of various biomarkers of epilepsy, which allow a personalized approach to assessing the diagnosis, treatment and response to epilepsy therapy.

The review presents the methods of blockade of the lower hole of the nerve, used in the provision of therapeutic and preventive dental care. Moreover, the proposed methods have various technological features depending on the purpose of the medical intervention, which are associated with the anatomical and topographic landmarks of the maxillofacial region. Meanwhile, the various anatomical and topographic landmarks for blockade of nerves of the third branch of the trigeminal nerve are difficult to remember and require some experience and skill from a specialist, which creates certain difficulties. The above dictates the need for further improvement of methods of mandibular anesthesia in order to simplify the technique of performing anesthesia as much as possible, which will increase the safety and analgesic effect, as well as their wider implementation in dental practice.

The paper presents a new concept of the nature of Viliuisk encephalomyelitis – the unique disease of the Sakha ethnic group as primary chronic neurodegenerative disorder. It is based on an analysis of the participation of TNF superfamily members in the pathogenesis of the disease. The ligands and receptors of TNF superfamily are key players of important biological processes, including the maintenance of tissue cell homeostasis using immunity mechanisms. It is suggested that sTRAIL ligand induce the loss of neurons in the cases of a primary chronic degenerative process. The sTNFα ligand is associated with an inflammatory complication of this disease under conditions of stress and perhaps participates in the neuronal necrosis in the acute stage. Elevated levels of sCD40L, detected in the plasma of patients, may act as a factor of the development of microvascular pathology, the cause of chronic hypoxia, inducing and supporting chronic processes of brain tissue atrophy.

We have carried out experimental studies of the temperature of the pig under natural hypothermia under conditions of a full-scale experiment. Graphs of temperature changes in various parts of the body over time are presented. The permission of the bioethical commission is available.

Using integrated clinical-dynamic and clinical-biological approaches, disorders caused by alcohol consumption in people of different ethnic origins were under study. It has been established that the course of alcohol addiction in the representatives of the Tuvan ethnic group acquires a highly progredient character, which testifies to the greater vulnerability of the representatives of the indigenous Tuvan ethnic group to the effects of alcohol. The index of the ratio of cortisol/progesterone in the blood of Russian alcoholism patients under investigation is almost twice as high as the index in the blood of healthy donors under investigation, while that of Tuvinians is almost five times as high as the index of healthy individuals under investigation. The psychopharmacotherapy used in the study is pathogenetically directed and increases the effectiveness of treatment, prevents the development of relapse and progredient dynamics of alcohol dependence, which is particularly important for the ecology of the person in the Tuvan ethnic group and, possibly, other populations of indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East.

The article presents a case of sex cord-stromal tumor of the fallopian tube in a 18-year-old female patient. Single cases of extra-ovarian localization of sex cord-stromal tumor have been described in the literature, however the primary lesion of fallopian tube still hasn`t been reported.

The article is devoted to the description of the clinical course of Bruton's disease in a child. Bruton's disease is a genetic disease associated with impaired synthesis of serum immunoglobulins and B cells. The disease belongs to the primary immunodeficiency.

The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the effect of heterogeneity of a tumor and its metastases on the choice of treatment tactics in a clinical case.

We performed macromorphometry using the Body Logic system of mammary glands of healthy women and women with a confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer, anthropometry and somatotyping with the release of normosthenic, asthenic and picnic types of physique. It was revealed that women of a picnic somatotype are more predisposed to the development of tubular deformation of the mammary glands in comparison with women of other body types. In the physique of women with breast cancer asthenomorphy predominates.

A retrospective analysis of the data of patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 who received supportive care at the Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases YSC CMP Hospital for the period from September 2017 to June 2019 was performed. Data on age, educational and marital status of patients are presented, and in particular, an analysis of the change in type of professional activity and family status associated with the period of pronounced manifestation of the SCAI clinic was carried out.