The effect of portal triad blood flow reduction on liver enzyme levels, liver condition, and survival in laboratory mice was studied. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in both blood flow reduction groups were statistically significantly higher than in the control group, and statistically significantly higher in the blood sampling group 24 hours after reperfusion compared to the blood sampling group 2 hours after reperfusion. Histological examination showed signs of ischemic tissue damage, and an increase in the number of vessels in liver preparations from animals with blood flow reduction compared to the control group was observed. The survival rate of animals after the procedure was more than 80 %, which is satisfactory, but nevertheless indicates the need for a number of animals that will allow statistical processing of the results even in the event of death of some individuals. The results of the study showed that the obtained model is an important tool for research in the field of studying pathological conditions of the liver associated with ischemic and hypoxic conditions.

   The features of the microbiota and the immune profile of the endometrium of women with infertility of different genesis during the "implantation window" period have been studied. Endometrial phenotypes different in immune profile and microbiota profile within each group were identified (with infertility of unclear genesis, tube-peritoneal genesis, chronic endometritis, "thin" endometrium): "normal," dysplastic, chronic inflammation. The phenotype of chronic endometritis is revealed a significant predominance of cytokines of the pro-inflammatory Th1/Th1 profile in the presence of a dysbiotic microbiota type. The features of the dysplastic endometrial phenotype consist in a "poor" immune response (cytokines, chemokines, growth factors) against the background of pronounced fibrotic transformation. Ideas about the endometrial phenotype (normal, dysplastic, chronic inflammation) are a criterion for readiness for blastocyst implantation.

   A comparative study of the microbiota profile of the Wickham mesh surfaces (a typical form of lichen planus (LP) (L43.80) and erosive-ulcerative elements in the erosive-ulcerative form (L43.82) of LP with localization on the buccal mucosa was carried out. In the studied microbiota of the surface of erosive and ulcerative elements, significant differences were revealed from the composition of the microbiota of the surface of the Wickham mesh, which is associated with clinical manifestations of the oral cavity mucous lining (LP OCML). The data on the quantitative and qualitative composition of microorganisms in the erosive-ulcerative form of LP were significantly different from the typical form of LP, which indicates the need for further studies of the microbiota in other forms of LP OCML. The revealed changes in the composition of the microbiota in the typical form of LP OCML can serve as a potential prognostic criterion for the conditional norm, and in the erosive-ulcerative form, as a criterion indicating the progression and aggravation of the clinical picture.

   The purpose of the study was to determine the cytogenetic features of buccal epithelium cells in athletes in the period between competitions with a normal training regimen as well as to study water consumption regimes in the studied groups and assess the relationship with cytological and morphometric parameters.

   Evaluation of cytogenetic parameters revealed statistically significant patterns: cells containing micronuclei were found 3.85 times more frequently in the power sports group and 4.3 times more frequently in the game group than in the control group. The frequency of cells with protrusions generally corresponded to the trend towards the absence of statistically significant differences between strength and game sports and the presence of significant differences compared to the control group.

   The long-term experience of using various models of the formation of oxidative stress in a warm-blooded organism is summarized - the processes of lipid peroxidation were induced by exposure to low and high temperatures, ultraviolet irradiation, and a low-frequency alternating magnetic field. The intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in various models was assessed by the degree of accumulation of diene conjugates, lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde and the level of ceruloplasmin, vitamin E, and catalase activity in the blood of laboratory animals on the 7^th, 14^th, and 21^st days of experiments. The results of a comparative assessment of the intensity of oxidative stress in various experimental models showed that the most pronounced changes in the antioxidant status are caused by the cooling of animals and exposure to ultraviolet rays, and the latter model triggers a shift in the balance to the prooxidant side by the end of the first week of the experiment, which is confirmed by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products by 48 -61 % and a decrease in the activity of the components of the antioxidant system by 31-33 % compared with the control. Thermal exposure to rats and the effect of a low-frequency alternating magnetic field causes less pronounced, but more stable changes in the dynamics from 7 to 21 days in the state of the prooxidant/antioxidant system, which, similarly to models using hypothermia and ultraviolet light, allows us to ascertain the formation of oxidative stress.

   The frequency of occurrence of functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (FD GIT) in adolescents aged 11-18 years at school and in a specialized gastroenterological department of a hospital, identified by questioning the Russian version of the QPGS-RIV questionnaire (Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Rome IV Version), was analyzed. As a result, the frequency of occurrence of FD of the gastrointestinal tract at school was as follows: functional dyspepsia (FD) - 5.3 %, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) - 0.6, functional abdominal pain (FAP) - 0.2, abdominal migraine (AM) - 1 .0 and functional constipation (FC) - 5.3 %. In the structure of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in children in the hospital, FD was 73.6 %, IBS - 22.6, FAP - 3.8 %, 17 % of children had a combination of FD and IBS. Compared with the previous version, according to the new criteria, the diagnosis of FD came to the fore instead of IBS (due to a decrease in the criterion for the frequency of pain syndrome, as well as due to the inclusion of postprandial distress syndrome - PDS in this diagnosis), and the frequency of detection of IBS decreased threefold (for due to the emergence of new limiting criteria).

   The aim of the study was to analyze the possible impact of iron deficiency without anemia on physical and sexual development of adolescent boys.

   Physical development of adolescent boys with iron deficiency without anemia did not differ from that of their healthy peers. Iron deficiency without anemia did not altered physical development of adolescent boys. Obesity or excess weight is associated with a higher serum ferritin level, which should be considered when diagnosing iron deficiency. Iron deficiency is associated with sower sexual development in boys.

   The introduction into clinical practice of research methods based on dynamic corneal pneumoapplanation significantly expanded the possibilities of clinical (in vivo) assessment of the "biomechanics" of eye structures in myopia. This review summarizes the results of using pneumoapplanation methods to assess biomechanical indices in initial myopia and after its laser correction.

   The effectiveness of laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of patients who developed bile flow after surgery on the gallbladder and bile ducts was investigated. It was revealed that the use of minimally invasive endoscopic technologies in the early diagnosis of postoperative bile discharge of the gallbladder and biliary tract allows us to determine the nature of this complication, the optimal method of elimination, justify the transition to conversion, and also avoid inappropriate relapses.

   The aim of the work is to develop an algorithm of therapeutic measures to improve early diagnosis and the most rapid application of the necessary surgical intervention in patients with penetrating heart injuries.

   The most frequent clinical symptoms of heart injuries were determined with their ranking into reliable and probable ones, the algorithm of treatment and diagnostic tactics in case of heart injury was determined. Videothoracoscopy allows to detect the presence of damage to the heart and determine its nature in cases of difficulty in diagnosis. The most effective treatment for patients with penetrating heart injury is emergency surgery.

   The aim of the study was to evaluate the information content of the method of percutaneous transthoracic trephine lung biopsy under the control of multislice computed tomography in the diagnosis of intrathoracic lesions in patients with suspected malignant neoplasm of the lung.

   It has been established that the use of the method of percutaneous TTB of the lung under the control of multislice computed tomography in lung cancer has a great diagnostic value.

   To determine the molecular genetic cause of the disease in a patient with colon oligopolyposis, whole exome sequencing was performed. The c.333+5G/C variant was detected in the BMPR1A gene. The functional significance of the found variant was elucidated, which demonstrated exon elongation at the mRNA level. This made it possible to confirm the diagnosis of juvenile polyposis in the patient.

   The results of a survey of young people in Yakutsk on ethically complex issues of prenatal (prenatal) DNA testing of hereditary diseases are discussed. The overwhelming majority (74 %) consider prenatal diagnosis to be a necessary procedure. An analysis of the attitude of young people to ethically controversial issues of prenatal diagnosis revealed that the decision to terminate pregnancy after PD is influenced by the severity of fetal damage. When compared with similar surveys in other countries, young people of reproductive age Yakutsk showed lower values in the issue of termination of pregnancy with Down syndrome (49 %), and in the ethically controversial issue of termination of pregnancy by a deaf child - 19 %.

   The aim of the research is a sociological survey of doctors of various specialties to identify the dynamics and potential for the development of changes in the system of medical education: at the initial stage of the practical implementation of the system and 7-9 years.

   According to the results of the study, it was revealed that more negative attitudes towards the system of continuing medical education prevailed at the initial stage, due to both low information of potential users and defects in the organization of the system (functioning of the Internet platform, defects in the legislative framework, organizational problems). At the second stage of the research, a definitely positive trend was revealed, in addition, new problems of applying this education system and possible ways to solve them were discussed. In the initial phase of reforming medical education, the main part of the target audience remained unprepared. Over the course of observation, a streamlining of the process of including healthcare professionals in the model of continuous medical education and carrying out appropriate activities within the new system of postgraduate education was observed. Further active interaction of control and regulatory systems with direct participants in the executive processes of medical education is necessary to increase the overall satisfaction of citizens with the work of the Russian healthcare system.

   The aim of the study was to study the influence of the level of situational (SA), personal anxiety (PA) on the psycho-emotional state of the body and the cardiovascular system (CS) in high latitudes.

   At the functional level of the work of the cardiovascular system, significant differences were found in the form of changes in the temporal and frequency characteristics of the HRV, in which the influence of the mechanisms of sympathetic modulation of the heart rhythm prevails. The functional state of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system (HPAS), estimated as the quantitative content of cortisol in the blood and does not change depending on the level of anxiety. Significant differences in the level of vitamin D in the blood and its general deficiency in the study participants were shown.

   The results of long-term monitoring of the frequency of new cases and the prevalence of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in children of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are presented. The results of neonatal screening and the registry of the endocrinology department of the Pediatric Center RB#1-NCM (Yakutsk) showed an increase in the incidence and prevalence of CAH in children in Yakutia. Epidemiological studies should become the basis for conducting in-depth molecular genetic studies due to the high prevalence of severe forms of CAH in children of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

   The aim of this study was to assess cognitive impairment in young people after a mild novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19).

   The study participants during the acute phase of the disease complained of general weakness, headaches, mental exhaustion, muscle and joint pain, decreased attention, decreased sense of smell, sleep disturbance, apathy, shortness of breath and a feeling of pressure in the chest. All complaints regressed after recovery, and their frequency did not differ from those of complaints in the control group. Neuropsychological examination revealed a bit higher level of depression (10.5 vs. 6.5 points on the Beck scale), some decrease in visual memory (11 vs. 11.5 pictures) and higher incidence of general asthenia (74% vs. 44%) in COVID-19 patients. There was no correlation between the severity of cognitive impairment and the duration of COVID-19. Thus, COVID-19 is mildly accompanied by the development of mild cognitive impairment in young patients.

   An analysis of the epidemiological situation of the incidence of a new coronavirus infection (NCVI) in the RS (Y) for 2020-2021 was conducted. The work used data from official statistics of the Office of Rospotrebnadzor in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), FSIH "Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)" and Rosstat. Despite the regional peculiarities of the population of Yakutia, epidemic rises in the incidence of NCVI COVID-19 in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) corresponded to the periods of spread of the "Wuhan" strain of the virus in 2020 (2,531.0 people/100 thousand people) and the Indian strain " delta” in 2021 (8,196.9 people/100 thousand people), which was reflected in a 3.6-fold increase in the mortality rate in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (from 39.0 to 141.8 people/100 thousand of us.). The incidence in the first year of the pandemic was directly related to the transport accessibility of certain territories of Yakutia and the implementation of anti-epidemic measures. The incidence of COVID-19 in all territories in 2021 was significantly higher than in 2020. Morbidity and mortality rates of NCVI for 2020-2021 comparable with periods of rising morbidity and mortality in Russia.

   The article presents the results of the analysis of data from 13-year monitoring of congenital malformations (CM) in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) according to the Republican Genetic Register of Hereditary and Congenital Pathology of the Medical and Genetic Center of the SAI RH # 1 – NCM. The results of the application of the cartographic method in the analysis of the frequency of CM showed the geographical unevenness of its distribution on the territory of Yakutia. During the period of long-term monitoring, the highest frequency of CM was recorded in the Arctic regions of the Republic.

   The aim of this study is to analyze the polymorphism rs689466 of the PTGS2 gene with the level of irisin in blood plasma in the population of Yakuts living in cold climatic conditions.

   Irisin levels in men with TT genotype (8.2 ± 1.85 μg/ml) were significantly higher compared to men with CT+CC genotypes (7.1 ± 1.25 μg/ml; U=261; p = 0.005). In addition, men with the TT genotype had lower weight (63.6 ± 6.67 kg) than men with the CT+CC genotypes (67.93 ± 7.28 kg; U=279; p = 0.01). The detected association of the TT rs689466 genotype of the PTGS2 gene with elevated irisin levels and with a lower weight in men may indicate the effect of prostaglandin E2 on shivering thermogenesis during cold stress, which may play a role in human adaptation to cold climate.

   A review is done of the latest research on unintentional intraoperative hypothermia (UIH) in oncological surgery, as well as its contribution to cardiac complications. Data are presented on the risk factors for developing UIH, the impact of surgery duration and type, as well as different anesthesia types and methods on the stage of the patient's hypothermia. Data on the relationship between the severity of UIH and the surgical profile of a patient and the patient's comorbidity were studied. It was revealed that cancer patients are at risk of developing UIH in the perioperative period, indicating the importance of preventing hypothermia during the surgery and anesthesia. The results of research on the undesirable effects of UIH, the impact of hypothermia on the development of various events, including cardiac complications, were analyzed. Data on the prevention of UIH and the methods of its prevention were systematized. The potential of maintaining the patient's normothermia for reducing the risk of developing cardiac complications in the immediate postoperative period is shown.

   The goal of this review is to describe modern concepts concerning the involvement of HDLs in the functioning of endothelial cells and preventing the development of endothelial dysfunction.

   Upon binding to various receptors on endothelial cells, HDLs initiate the induction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, enhance the production of NO, and stimulate the synthesis of prostacyclin, thus leading to vasorelaxation. By suppressing the synthesis of intercellular adhesion molecules, HDLs prevent the migration of leucocytes and monocytes/macrophages into the vascular wall, exerting anti-inflammatory action. HDLs inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species, prevent apoptosis, and stimulate the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells.

   The aim of this study was to analyse and summarise all researches about proadrenomedullin (pro-ADM) prognostic value as covid-19 severity and mortality early predictor in patients with novel coronavirus infection (NCVI) COVID-19.

   After a literature search and selection, we found 19 articles eligible to inclusion in a meta-analysis. We found pro-ADM had significantly high values in patients both admitted to the general department and ICU-patients with unfavourable outcomes. Determining the level of pro-ADM is optimal at the early stages of inpatient treatment, starting from the emergency department, for stratifying patients according to the severity, making a decision on hospitalization and a differential treatment approach.

   The review describes the genetic causes of obesity, including syndromal, monogenic and polygenic causes. The rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity in the population in recent decades is an important public health issue because it increases the risk of diabetes, heart disease, stroke and other serious diseases. Its causes include excessive consumption of high-calorie foods, as well as a sedentary lifestyle. It has been proven that, in addition to energy imbalance, 40–70 % of the development of obesity is influenced by hereditary factors. As a rule, obesity results from the interaction of certain gene polymorphisms with the environment. Only a small number of cases of obesity are the result of the presence of mutations in certain genes (monogenic obesity), causing Mendelian syndromes with a very low frequency in the population.

   This article reviews scientific data based on the current literature on neuroinflammation and brain function in children infected with COVID-19. Numerous studies have shown that, as in other viral infections such as rubella, influenza, and cytomegalovirus, SARS-CoV-2 causes massive release of proinflammatory cytokines that affect microglia function, which may be critical for brain development. In addition, studies have reported transient thyrotoxicosis caused by SARS-CoV-2 with secondary autoimmune hypothyroidism that may go undetected during pregnancy.

   An analysis of the works of Russian and foreign literature devoted to the study of the effect of melatonin on the psycho-emotional state of the body was carried out. According to most researchers, the trend towards an increase in the prevalence of depressive disorders continues. Currently, there is a search for new approaches in the treatment of depression. The relationship between melatonin and the occurrence of depressive disorders requires further study.

   The results of assessment of the psychoemotional state of patients who consulted a plastic surgeon concerning aesthetic operations in the maxillo-facial region (MF) (ear, nose, blepharoplasty, facelift, etc.) are presented. It has been established, inflammatory and oncological diseases of the face cause the highest situational and personal anxiety, while the general level of anxiety is the lowest among the patients dissatisfied with their appearance. At the same time, a close connection of emotional, characterological and behavioral reactions with a person's appearance caused by congenital and acquired facial defects and deformations was determined. For aesthetic surgery patients, the risk factors for the development of a mental disorder are: more often female, lack of marital relations, chronic traumatic situation, longterm and ineffective surgical treatment, mental disorders in the past, low level of meaningfulness of life, etc. It was noted that most of the patients applied for elimination of cosmetic defects by clinical and aesthetical causes. In this regard, the participation of a psychologist and psychiatrist is essential in deciding the appropriateness of cosmetic surgery as well as in conducting psychotherapeutic preparation of patients for surgery.

   We have examined bone metabolism in children living in Eastern Siberia; the aim was to substantiate markers of musculoskeletal diseases. As a result, we have established that children with diseases of the musculoskeletal system have statistically significantly higher levels of N-osteocalcin, ionized calcium and alkaline phosphatase in blood than children without them (р < 0.05). The obtained results indicate that the G894T polymorphism of the candidate endothelial NO-synthase gene, associated with a high frequency of the T allele of the eNOS G894T gene is one of the etiological factors in the development of bone metabolism disorders, and the marker itself should be attributed to the predictors of the formation of pathology of the musculoskeletal system in children of the region from Eastern Siberia.

   A clinical example demonstrated the effectiveness of using a cryopreserved allogeneic tendon sterilized with supercritical carbon dioxide in restoring the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). In terms of clinical course and rehabilitation time, the technique of using allogeneic tendons during ACL plasty was comparable to using an autologous graft. Clinical experience with the use of allogeneic tendons at an early postoperative stage can be assessed as successful.

   The article is devoted to an interesting clinical case - hamartoma of the gray tubercle of the hypothalamus in a 7-year-old child with clinical signs of premature sexual development. Congenital hypothalamic hamartomas are extremely rare in practice: about 1 case per 200 thousand live-born children. This is a congenital non-tumor heterotopia, which is located on the wall or bottom of the III ventricle of the brain, manifested by seizures of epilepsy, impaired intelligence and behavior, signs of premature puberty.

   To date, the variants and nature of clinical manifestations, the impact of neurological complications of novel coronavirus infection (NCI) COVID-19 on pregnancy are poorly understood due to the insufficient number of studies on this issue. The article presents a clinical case of the development of acute transverse myelitis in a pregnant woman against the background of NCI.

   The article presents a clinical case of successful implementation of generative function af-ter a favorable outcome of endometrial cancer treatment. A 41-year-old patient with a diagnosis of endometrioid adenocarcinoma, low ovarian reserve, unrealized reproductive potential was of-fered a variant of organ-preserving treatment in the amount of hysteroresectoscopy followed by hormone therapy. After the treatment, no data on recurrence or progression were revealed at the follow-up examination, pregnancy planning with the help of assisted reproductive technologies was recommended, which was not carried out due to spontaneous pregnancy. This clinical case demonstrated that organ-preserving treatment for early endometrial cancer allowed not only to cure the malignant process, but also subsequently perform a generative function without reducing the effectiveness of treatment.

   The article presents a clinical case of children multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) associated with a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in a 10-year-old child complicated by pancarditis: endomyopericarditis, unspecified bronchopneumonia, systemic inflammatory response syndrome of infectious origin with an organic disorder: with a lesion heart, kidney, liver, multiple organ failure, secondary antiphospholipid syndrome. The correspondence of the clinical picture, laboratory and instrumental data to the diagnosis of MIS-C, and differential diagnosis are discussed.