An analysis of the relationship between lifestyle factors and epigenetic age in the indigenous population of Yakutia was carried out. We analyzed factors that can affect the acceleration of epigenetic age: BMI, abdominal obesity, waist/height and waist/hip ratio, diet, physical inactivity, health status, marital status, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, insomnia, health status. The relationship of these factors with age - related acceleration calculated using 4 biological clock models was assessed: PhenoAge, Horvath DNAm, Hannum DNAm, GrimAge. A tendency towards acceleration of epigenetic age was revealed in respondents with a high body mass index, low physical activity and an impaired diet (prone to overeating, consumption of highly refined carbohydrates and high-calorie foods).

The relationship between serum levels antibodies to the RA-33 antigen and the characteristics of the course rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been studied. The level anti-RA-33 was assessed in a group of RA patients and healthy donors.

The increase in the level anti-RA-33, compared with donors, is statistically significant and was observed in 12.5% RA patients. In patients with an increased level anti-RA-33 (more than 20.5 U/ml), pronounced functional disorders were more often detected. Thus, antibodies to anti-RA33 can potentially provide additional diagnostic value in RA.

A comparative analysis of the gene expression of microRNAs miR-148b-3p, miR- 30c-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-328-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-375-3p, miR-22-3p, miR-15b-3p, miR-148a-3p, miR-590-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and epicardial adipose tissue of coronary heart disease (СHD) patients with and without HF (Non-HF) was carried out. Among СHD patients with HF, the groups with mildly reduced/reduced and preserved ejection fraction (HFmr/rEF and HFpEF, respectively) were compared. Our study revealed a significant increase in the expression of miR-30c-5p, miR-221-3p and miR-375-3p mi croRNAs in PBMCs of patients with HFmr/rEF and HFpEF compared with the group of СHD patients without HF. Accordingly, the relative level of miR-30c-5p expression in PBMC of HFF/EFV patients was significantly higher by 1.99 times in comparison with patients without HF (P<0.0001). The expression of this microRNA in PBMC of HFpEF patients relative to patients without HF is significantly higher by 2.94-fold (P<0.0001). The expression level of miR-221-3p in PBMC of HFpEF patients was increased 4.04-fold relative to patients without HF (P<0.0001). A 2.63-fold increase in miR-221-3p expression was detected in PBMC of HFmr/rEF patients (P<0.0001). The expression of miR-375-3p in PBMCs of HFmr/rEF and HFpEF patients compared with Non-HF patients was significantly higher by 2.09- and 1.77 fold (P<0.0001). For all other investigated microRNAs, no significant expression changes were detected in PBMC. Similarly, we did not detect significant expression changes for any of the investigated microRNA genes in the epicardial adipose tissue of CHD patients. Thus, the obtained data can be used to determine the role of the investigated microRNAs in the pathogenesis of HF in СHD patients. 

The survey is devoted to the study of factors increasing the risk of developing anxiety and depressive disorders in the Yakut population. An analysis of anxiety and depression indicators according to the HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) was conducted in a sample of 150 men and 183 women without neurological and mental diseases. It was found that HADS indicators are significantly higher in women compared to men, increased in groups of respondents over 25 years old, in groups of people with disabilities, in married people compared to single people. An analysis of the distribution frequencies of alleles (S and L) and genotypes (SS, SL, LL) of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the SLC6A4 gene was carried out. The results showed a high degree of similarity with the populations of East Asia (Japanese, Chinese, Korean) and significant discrepancies with Caucasian groups. A search for associations of the S and L allele frequencies was conducted in groups with different indicators of anxiety and depression according to the HADS. A statistically significant association of the L allele with subclinical anxiety without depression was revealed.

This article presents the results of assessing the quality of life of the children, aged 15-17 years, and the results of assessing the quality of life of the children by their parents, identified during the PedsQL-4.0 questionnaire survey for the children aged 13-18 years and their parents.

In the final results of the self-assessed quality of life, the lowest scores were obtained on the “emotional functioning” and “life at school” scales, the highest on the “physical functioning” and “social functioning” scales, with significant low scores for girls on all scales except the “social function ing” scale, the trend of low scores was maintained when assessed by their parents.

When analyzing the indicators of quality of life assessed by the parents of the children of different ages, a statistically significant difference was found only on the “emotional functioning” scale.

In order to study the state of the glutathione link of the antioxidant system (AOS) in pregnant women of the arrived and indigenous population living in urban and rural areas, using the example of the Amur region, 175 patients were examined during their initial visit in the first and second trimesters and in the absence of iron deficiency states. Taking into account the participation of iron in the processes of free radical oxidation and antioxidant protection, the level of hemoglobin, serum ferritin in women was determined to exclude iron deficiency conditions, as well as the con tent of total glutathione, reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms in whole blood with the calculation of redox status (GSH/GSSG ratio) as a biomarker of AOS. As a result of the studies, a reliable decrease in the content of total glutathione was found in urban patients of the newcomer population compared to rural newcomers due to a decrease in the reduced form both in the first and second trimesters with a multidirectional trend of the oxidized fraction in these groups, which showed the ecological orientation of the AOS functioning. Ethnic features in native women were revealed when comparing the parameters under study with newcomers living in similar rural areas, in the form of reliably low values of the reduced form of glutathione in the 2nd trimester of gestation, as well as a reliable decrease in the level of total and reduced glutathione in the 2nd trimester compared to the 1st. The optimal variant of the functional state of the glutathione link of the AOS was determined by the indicators of the oxida tive stress level - the redox status in newcomer pregnant women of the village, based on its reliably high indicators in the 1st and 2nd trimesters compared to pregnant women of the native population of the village and especially with newcomers living in the city. The obtained data should be taken into account when carrying out therapeutic and preventive measures for complicated pregnancy, taking into account the ecological and ethnic features of oxidation-reduction processes.

The frequency of occurrence of modified risk factors for osteoporosis in young people was assessed. A questionnaire was developed that included questions on physical activity, nutrition, lifestyle, and the presence of bad habits. The following frequency of occurrence of risk factors was established: 233 (44.2%) people had one risk factors 166 (31.5%) – two, 92 (17.5%) – three, 36 (6.8%) people had four. The majority of re spondents  had insufficient dietary calcium intake (56.2% of the age norm). The results of the study demonstrate a high prevalence of modifiable risk factors in young people, which undoubtedly indicates the need for preventive measures to prevent the development of osteoporosis and its complications in the future.

This article is devoted to the results of studying wound discharge from the surface of burn wounds for the purpose of develop a method for determining their readiness for autodermoplasty. The indicators of total protein, fibrinogen, and the degree of bacterial contamination from the wound surface during sowing were studied in the wound discharge. Based on the obtained results of laboratory studies a dependence of changes in the concentrations of total protein and fibrinogen on the level of bacterial contamination of wounds was established. The data revealed allowed us to develop a method for determining the readiness of the burn wound surface for autodermoplasty. The method makes it possible to make a decision on performing surgical intervention without waiting for bacterial culture data.

In our work, we attempted to improve the antitumor efficacy of doxorubicin by combining it with an HIF-1α inhibitor in a model of hepatocellular carcinoma. During this study, it was established that the most effective suppression of tumor growth occurred in group 3, in animals with reduced blood flow and the administration of doxorubicin, where the mean volume of tumor nodules was significantly smaller than the mean volume in the control group. In Group 2, in animals with reduced blood flow and the use of a combination of doxorubicin and bortezomib, the mean tumor node volume did not differ statistically from the volume of tumor nodes in the control group. Our findings indicate that a reduction in hepatic vascular blood flow in conjunction with doxorubicin exerts a pronounced inhibitory impact on the proliferation of intrahepatic tumor nodes. However, the introduction of bortezomib to this regimen does not result in the inhibition of tumor growth. Our results provide a rationale for a more comprehensive investigation of the mechanisms underlying the antitumor response or the reasons for its absence, as well as alternative candidates for HCC therapy.

For the first time, study of the influence of environmental factors (place of birth - city/village, season of birth, birth order, number of children in the family, smoking addiction, level of stressful situations experienced) on temperament traits in Yakuts was carried out. It was found that the peculiarity of the studied sample is a high level of neuroticism: in men - 46%, in women - 72%. When analyzing the associations of temperament traits with various environmental factors, it was found that neuroticism rates in young people correlate with the number of traumatic events experienced in their childhood. In addition to the stress factor, temperament traits may be influenced by the season of birth: in women born in the spring and summer, on average, higher rates of extraversion are observed, and those born in autumn and winter have increased rates of neuroticism.

An analysis of the staffing of public health organizations in federal districts of the Russian Federation, in the constituent entities of the North-Western Federal District of the Russian Federation with calculation of indicators and their growth/ decline rates for the period of implementation of the federal project ‘Provision of qualified personnel to health care organizations’ (2018- 2023), as well as social support measures for health workers was carried out. The rate of provision by doctors in general in the Russian Federation and in most federal districts showed a positive trend, the opposite trend was recorded for the provision of nursing staff. The North-Western Federal District has the highest rate of doctors, but there are important regional differences in the rates of doctors and nursing staff (with medical education), which indicates the lack of effective engagement and retention of medical personnel. To improve the effectiveness of the personnel policy a clear differentiation of measures taken at the level of the medical organization in the specific municipality is required as well as there is need for normative and legal regulation of the powers of local governments to create favourable conditions for attracting medical workers, economic incentives for medical workers, increasing the targeting and filling of social support measures in rural health care, in hard-to-reach, remote areas with a low density.

The purpose of this work was to determine trends in the epidemiological process and the quality of medical care for breast cancer (BC) for women in the Irkutsk region. According to the results of the analysis of “rough” and standardized indicators, a continued increase in incidence was noted, but the “rough” mortality rate from breast cancer in the region in 2023 remained at the 2011 level, in contrast to the nationwide stable trend towards a decrease in mortality. In the Irkutsk region, no significant changes in mortality among women under 50 and over 50 were registered. In the localization structure of breast cancer, the upper quadrants, the central part and cancer extending beyond one or more localizations with the code C50.8 were a priority. For 2011–2023, the provision of medical care to women with breast cancer improved: the number of preventive examinations increased, both the overall one-year mortality rate and in age groups over 35 years decreased, etc. In order to achieve all-Russian levels, significant changes in mortality rates and medical care for women with breast cancer in the Irkutsk region, it is necessary to use all available opportunities and reserves of healthcare organizations.

The article presents a comprehensive cohort retrospective study of patients diagnosed with JIA who underwent examination and treatment in the cardiorheumatology department of the Pediatric Center of the Republican Hospital No. 1 – the National Center of Medicine named after M.E. Nikolaev in 2016-2023. Patients who have developed uveitis have been selected for a detailed analysis. The prevalence of uveitis in the RS(I) was 8.6 per 100,000 children, of which 11.8 among Sakha children and 5.6 among Russians. Uveitis among children with JIA is more common in boys of Sakha nationality, and is more common in older children without correlation with types of JIA. Low efficacy of initial methotrexate therapy has been demonstrated. All cases of de novo uveitis have been recorded only in children of Sakha nationality, most of whom are boys.

The study evaluated the prevalence and resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains to antibacterial drugs. This study included 4580 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from patients of the Republican Hospital No. 2 - Emergency Medical Care Center in the period from 2016 to 2022. The analysis showed that the majority of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains detected in intensive care and surgical departments. The dynamics show an increase in the prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and an increase in resistance to carbapenems, against the background of a high proportion of isolates producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases.

The comparative assessment of immune profile indicators in children under = benzo(a)pyrene and cold factor influence in a case-control study with the modeling and verification of obtained results in an in vivo experiment was performed. In the course of a case-control study in children under airborne benzo(a)pyrene exposure the signs of phagocytic leukocyte activity inhibition and specific haptenic hypersensitivity formation (IgG to benzo(a)pyrene) associated with blood contamination with benzo(a)pyrene were established. The changes revealed in the immune profile and xenobial biomedia composition in children under airborne benzo(a)pyrene exposure at a dose of 0.00761 mcg/(kg*day) in the subarctic urbanized area, it is comparable to its level in children living under the conditions of external environmental benzo(a)pyrene exposure at a dose of 0.08689 mcg/(kg*day) in an urbanized area in a temperate climate zone (p>0.05). The results of the experimental study of the immunotropic effects of oral benzo(a)pyrene exposure at an average daily dose of 0.175 mcg/kg*day and cold factor influence in vivo also show the signs of phagocytosis inhibition in mice. At the same time, the minimum values of phagocytosis percentage, phagocytic number and phagocytic index are observed with the combined benzo(a)pyrene and cold factor effect which confirms the hypothesis of immunotoxic benzo(a)pyrene exposure effect modification by a cold factor.

In this the work impact of occupational and non-occupational factors to the development of dental diseases among chemical industry workers was studied, especially exposed to hazardous materials. The study included an anamnesis, clinical examination, assessment of oral hygiene index (OHI-S), and questionnaire using OHIP-14 que stionnaire at EO-equipment and automation center workers who made up a comparison group. Poor oral hygiene in both groups was noted. When examining technicians of ethylene oxide production significant reduction in average number of teeth, as well as higher frequency of severe form of chronic periodontitis were revealed. Exposure to chemicals, smoking and poor oral hygiene were considered the main risk factors for developing dental diseases. The results show a high prevalence of dental diseases among chemical industry workers due to harmful chemical factors, low hygiene level and smoking.

The study examines the risk factors for mortality in patients across various age groups (group 1 – under the age of 60 and group 2 – aged 60 years and older) through a retrospective analysis of medical records of patients with severe COVID-19-associated pneumonia treated in the intensive care unit (ICU). The independent risk factor for death was the development of MODS on the first day of admission in the ICU. For patients over 60 years old, independent risk factors for death were age, the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the severity of hypoxia as determined by the PaO2/FiO2 ratio upon admission to the ICU, the development of MODS, septic shock, and acute cerebral disorder.

A morphological study of the placenta in patients with perinatal losses in preterm labor and acute COVID-19 of varying severity, manifested in the II and III trimesters of gestation, was performed. It was found that the features of placental damage in patients with perinatal losses are statistically significant predominance of thrombosis, inflammatory changes and manifestations of placentitis SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with placentas of patients without perinatal losses.

An analysis of epidemiological data is presented, indicating the continuation of changes in the structure of HIV-infected people in the Altai Territory, as in the Russian Federation as a whole (an increase in the proportion of the female population, the proportion of people over 30 years old, the dominance of the sexual transmission of infection). Low genetic diversity of HIV -1 was revealed. A high frequency of recombinant form of CRF63_02A6, as well as drug resistance to drugs of the first generation NNRTI class is recorded.

A study was conducted to assess the ratio of lymphocyte phenotypes CD10, CD71, CD95 and the NLR index in men working on rotating shifts in the Arctic. The obtained data on the median ratio of the lymphoproliferation process (CD10) to the lymphapoptosis process (CD95) in hydrographers allow us to state that they have a practically balanced immune status regardless of the length of their shift, and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) remains within optimal normal limits, in contrast to permanent residents of the Arctic region. It has been established that the ratio of lymphocyte levels with the CD71/CD95 marker, regardless of the length of the shift or residence in the Arctic region, is an indicator of sustainable adaptation and can serve as an assessment of the adaptability of the immune system in Arctic conditions. It was determined that the duration of the shift in the investigated hydrographers was associated exclusively with fluctuations in the NLR median and the ratio of CD10/95 cell concentrations. It should be assumed that shift workers have a more dynamic adaptive immunity, which facilitates their capacity to rapidly regenerate immune functions and, possibly, shortens the duration of immune response of a healthy person in extreme conditions.

Taking into account the values of the cervical cancer (СС) statistics in the period 2016-2022 selected for the study – age-standardized incidence and mortality per 100 thousand population, deaths in the first year from the date of diagnosis and the relative quantity of patients registered alive with clinics for 5 years or more, the situation with СС in the State Entities of the Arctic zone of Russia (SE AZRF), with the exception of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, tends to continue to deteriorate, especially compared to the all-Russian. The growth of the standard of living in Russia and SE AZRF, estimated by the values of per capita monetary income and its ratio to the subsistence minimum, did not show an association with the CC incidence and, unlike Russia as a whole, in SE AZRF is not associated with a significant decrease in CC mortality. The indicators of the standard of living in the in six out of nine SE AZRF are positively correlated with the relative quantity of patients registered alive with clinics for 5 years or more. But in three SE AZRF, no association was found between CC indicators and the standard of living. Thus, at the current time, the population living in the TE AZRF continues to be in dire need of increasing the effectiveness of the healthcare system to fight against CC.

Based on a literature review, leading risk factors for the development of both postoperative delirium (POD) and POCD itself have been identified, and factors that can reduce the likelihood of cognitive impairment after surgery have been highlighted. The pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the development of POCD are discussed. The authors have established that POCD and POD are significant clinical problems requiring interdisciplinary efforts and a comprehensive approach to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal types of malignancies, with a very low survival rate (5-7%), which is related to the difficulty of early diagnosis and the aggressive nature of the disease. The progression of tumours and the process of metastasis are linked to a number of factors, one of which is the tumour microbiome. The microbiota plays a role in the formation of an immune-tolerant environment, which contributes to cancer development by inducing angiogenesis, chemoresistance, immune cell suppression, tumour invasion and metastasis. Modifications in the composition of tumour-associated microbes and alterations in immune function may ultimately influence the progression and outcome of the disease. Enhancing our understanding of the composition and pathways of microorganisms in tumours, such as pancreatic cancer, will facilitate the identification of predictive factors and potential therapeutic targets. The objective of this review to synthesise the current knowledge about the composition of the microbiota and its origins in pancreatic tumours.

Carcinogenesis is based on a multistage process of changes, malignant transformation and progression, which includes DNA damage and dysfunction of the immune system. Damage to certain parts of genes involved in mitosis, cell death or DNA repair is reflected in an increase in the mutation load. After accumulation of a sufficient number of mutations, control over cell function is disrupted, which leads to the development of cancer. In recent years, an increase in the frequency of multiple primary neoplasms has been noted. The review presents the main risk factors that to one degree or another affect the development of polyneoplasia.

Oxidative stress is considered as an important pathogenetic link in the development of more than 200 diseases. In this regard, the search for local medicinal plant raw materials with a high content of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity to inhibit oxidative processes becomes the current task. The article presents data on the content of biologically active compounds and total antioxidant capacity of extracts of Crataegus dahurica, Sanguisorba officinalis, Rosa acicularis. It was shown that among the plants the high content of flavonoids and total phenolic compounds was found in the extracts of R. acicularis, while phenylpropanoids were predominant in the leaves of S. officinalis. High antioxidant capacity was found in leaf extracts of R. acicularis, which correlates with the increased content of phenolic compounds in this plant.

Skin is the largest organ in the human body, performing a barrier function to maintain homeostasis of the body. Skin aging is a complex process influenced by hereditary and environmental factors. Properties such as hydration, elasticity and antioxidant capacity play a key role in the skin aging process. Genetic variations can affect the production of collagen and elastin, the level of antioxidants and the integrity of the barrier function of the skin. Identification of genetic markers that affect skin condition will allow us to develop recommendations for correcting signs of aging, and may also become an effective and affordable method for treating many skin diseases in the future. This review summarizes and presents current data on genetic factors and molecular mechanisms affecting the health and appearance of the skin.

In order to compare the level of thyroid hormones and antibodies depending on the use of filtered or untreated water, a survey of residents of the Aldan district of South Yakutia was conducted. As a result of the study, more pronounced changes in the level of thyroid hormones were revealed in women of Aldan. The frequency of violations of low levels of T3sv., T3sv., T4sv. is noted in people who use filtered water, which requires additional comparative study of the chemical composition of purified and untreated water consumed by the population.

A study was conducted by type "case" and "control" among the non-indigenous population in south Yakutia with arterial hypertension (AH) in the presence and absence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The groups were comparable in age. Patients in the main group had statistically significantly high systolic blood pressure, average BMI and WC values compared with patients without NAFLD. In hypertensive patients in combination with NAFLD, the chance of developing obesity is more than 4 times higher compared to the control. Hypertensive patients with NAFLD had a significantly high incidence of atherogenic dyslipidemia. The conducted ROC analysis showed the prognostic significance of risk factors such as BMI, OT, TG and blood pressure levels with the risk of developing NAFLD in patients with hypertension.

Bland-White-Garland syndrome (SBUG) is a rare, high–risk fatal outcome in infancy and sudden death in adults, an anomaly of the divergence of the left coronary artery (LCA) from the pulmonary artery (PA) (ALCAPA - abnormal left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery). In 85- 90% of cases, children without radical surgical treatment do not live up to a year. In our clinical case, in a 36-year-old patient, the disease debuted with recurrent ventricular arrhythmias, Imaging diagnostic methods coronary angiography, spiral computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging of the heart revealed in the patient, in addition to the pathology of the LCA, individual anatomical features of the coronary bed, which provided adequate myocardial perfusion and maintained sufficient myocardial reserve. A combined operation was performed on a patient at the "Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery" of Khabarovsk: prosthetics of the LCA trunk with a vascular prosthesis "Vascutek PTFE" № 6. Plastic surgery of the pulmonary trunk (PT) with a patch from the autopericardium. Mitral valve repair (MV) on the "MedInj" support ring № 28. The postoperative period was uneventful. The period of dynamic observation was 22 months. Currently, the patient is in a satisfactory condition and is able to work. Given the different clinical variants of SBUG, specialists providing primary health care - district pediatricians, internists, cardiologists - should be wary of this rare but life-threatening congenital malformation.

The article presents a clinical follow-up of a child with oculocutaneous albinism type 1A. For the first time, the type of albinism was established and concomitant diseases were identified. Oculocutaneous albinism is a disease with an autosomal recessive type of inheritance, in which, in addition to ocular albinism, there is hypopigmentation of the skin and hair.

The endoscopic removal of 2 cases of benign tumors and 1 malignant tumor of the bronchus was performed in the endoscopy department of the Republican Hospital No. 1 – National Center of Medicine named after M.E. Nikolaev. The choice of the technique was based on the histological conclusion and videobronchoscopy materials. 2 formations were removed by loop electroexcision and 1 by argonoplasmic coagulation. All patients, without exception, had airway clearance restored with adequate ventilation of previously switched-off lung sections. Endoscopic methods are highly effective in the treatment of patients with bronchial tumors.

The development of a serious complication of magnetic foreign bodies in a child without clinical manifestations is shown in this aricle. Foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract were discovered accidentally during an X-ray examination for another pathology. The duration of exposure to magnetic foreign bodies is unknown. The child's condition remained satisfactory. A fixed location of foreign bodies in the abdominal cavity was revealed, and the child underwent emergency and delayed surgery. The operation revealed a pathologically formed fistula between the lower horizontal branch of the duodenum and the initial section of the jejunum. The fistula was disconnected and the walls of the hollow organs were sutured. The patient was discharged with recovery.