The article reviews the genetic basis and clinical manifestations of various subtypes of HSP, discusses differential diagnosis and modern treatment options.

The role of heat shock proteins (Hsp70) and nitrogen oxide in realization of adaptive reactions and adaptogenic effect of the extract from Astragalus membranaceus (Fischer) Bunge containing flavonoids and triterpenes as active substance has been studied on the model of acute emotional stress. The course preventive administration of the extract from Astragalus membranaceus in experimental-therapeutic dose 50 mg/kg against the background of the acute emotional stress has a marked stress-protective effect preventing from the development of the “Selye’s triad”: involution of thymus, hypertrophy of the adrenal glands and erosive injury of the stomach mucosa. It has been shown that the activation of Hsp70 synthesis and prevention of stress-induced NO generation is the molecular-cell mechanism of increased resistance to stress due to the content of the given biologically active substances promoting activation of the heat shock proteins expression and having marked antioxidant properties.

In order to verify the assumption of lunaphase secretory activity and pineal gland calcification, the dynamics of brain sand deposition and changes of mitochondria in pinealocytes in rats were studied using electron microscopy. It is concluded that the distribution of calcifications in pinealocytes and connective tissue stroma of the organ is mainly fine-dispersed, and their content increases in the last quarter of the synodic month after the lunaphase shift in the functional state of the pineal gland towards lower secretory activity.

The hemodynamic activity of human response to general short-term cooling during 5 minutes in cold chamber at -25°C, depending on the initial content of neutrophils in the peripheral venous blood, was evaluated. Background neutropenia reduces the hemodynamic response to shortterm general cooling, resulting in less pronounced redistribution of neutrophils and lymphocytes from the circulating to the marginal pool. The achievement of required in these terms redistribution needs a more significant vasoconstriction and high concentrations of endothelin-1.

The aim of this work was an association analysis of the study results of the biological media contamination level by aromatic hydrocarbons and immunotropic effects in workers of various employment groups working in oil and gas production enterprises.

An analysis of the research results allowed us to identify chains of stable associative relationships: the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in the working area air - the level of blood contamination of workers with benzene and its homologues - work experience - immunosuppression.

The features of the effect of breathing in a confined space (re-respiration) on the parameters of cardiohemodynamics and gas exchange were studied in order to identify the degree of reactivity of the systems - as markers of the degree of stress in the functional state during adaptation to the extreme conditions of the North-East of Russia. It was found that the severity of rearrangements of the parasympathetic link of the autonomic nervous system is interrelated with hemodynamic and gas patterns in response to hypoxic-hypercapnic exposure and together they are highly informative indicators for assessing the degree of tension in the functional state when living in various regions of the Far North.

Children with bronchial asthma (BA) were under study. In spite of the same geochemical region of residence, BA patients were found to have significantly lower levels of copper, selenium and zinc and higher levels of lead, nickel and cobalt in their blood sera. Decreased selenium and copper levels and increased lead, manganese and lithium levels were found to coincide with the increase in the BA severity. The impact of metal (lead, selenium) salts on RBC membrane transformation in asthmatic patients significantly depends on BA severity. The data obtained open the way for individualized prediction, diagnosis and correction of trace element imbalance in BA patients.

To assess the frequency of occurrence of age-sex characteristics and comorbid associations of asthenic syndrome (AS) in schoolchildren of Khakassia, schoolchildren of the city of Abakan 12-17 years old of both sexes with AS and without AS were examined. It was revealed that AS is recorded in 9.8% of schoolchildren, with a higher frequency in girls, more often in the non-indigenous population than in the indigenous, the prevalence of AS increases with age. A distinctive feature of AS comorbidity in schoolchildren of Abakan is its more pronounced association with cephalgias (both frequent and infrequent episodic), frequent pains in the abdomen and back.

The diagnostic value of determining the concentrations of bone remodeling markers (type I collagen C-telopeptide, P1NP, 25-OH vitamin D) in the blood serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by constructing ROC curves to predict the development of osteoporosis (OP) was under study.

It was revealed, that these bone remodeling markers are of good quality and can be used to predict the development of OP in patients with RA.

The results of the use of antioxidant therapy and hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) in the complex treatment of patients with the II-degree frostbite were under study.

It was revealed that the wound process in MG patients with the II degree frostbites was more favorable than in clinical comparison group (CCG). The use of antioxidants and HBO allowed to reduce the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes and activate the antioxidant defense system, reduce the hyperproduction of pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, Il-8, TNF-α) in patients of the main group. Due to the elimination of persistent inflammation and activation of reparative processes, the duration and intensity of pain in patients of the main group decreased, as well as the time for wound healing in comparison with CCG.

The article presents the results of studies in a sample of pregnant women with anemia of various genesis. Differences in the development of iron deficiency — true and functional — have been established, the sequestration of which in macrophages is associated with a chronic inflammatory or autoimmune process in the body of a pregnant woman.

Anemia of chronic diseases (ACD) was characterized by the activity of acute phase inflammation reactions. Placental dysfunction resulted in large perinatal morbidity in the group with ACD compared to IDA patients due to significant metabolic changes. The low activity of adaptive mechanisms should be considered as a consequence of chronic hypoxia on the background of metabolic features in "infect anemia" - chronic immunostimulation determined by the cytokine production vector according to the Th-1 variant.

In the continuation of the study of combined anesthesia with xenon and dexmedetomidine in combination with epidural analgesia, the influence of the proposed method on the hemostasis system was studied according to the indicators of classical coagulogram and Rotem thromboelastometry.

Anesthesia with xenon and dexmedetomidine in combination with epidural analgesia was shown to reduce the perioperative physiologic stress response to surgery and thereby decrease thrombotic and hemorrhagic postoperative complications.

A comparative analysis of the dynamics of clinical and physiological parameters of the examined patients during the anesthesia of the lower jaw using a modified method of mandibular anesthesia at the stages of dental admission was carried out.

The obtained data characterize the possibility of mandibular anesthesia method in practical dentistry, as it does not cause any additional psychoemotional stress.

The article presents the analysis of work of air ambulance on emergency specialized (sanitary aviation) medical aid and evacuation of the population in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) according to the national Center for disaster medicine MOH RS (Ya) for 2017, 2019. The analysis was carried out taking into account the zoning of the territory of the Republic. According to the analysis, the demand for the arctic group of districts in providing emergency specialized (sanitary – aviation) medical care and medical evacuation of pregnant women and patients with injuries, the South-Western and Zarechnaya group of districts – in the evacuation of patients with vascular accidents is clearly shown.

The epidemiological situation of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in a number of countries, RF and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has been studied. Three zones of the spread of the new coronavirus infection were conditionally identified: "red", "yellow", "green", which include countries with high, medium and favorable rates of spread. There were analyzed the prevalence, morbidity, mortality and lethality, dependence of the detection of new cases on the level of average air temperature.

The epidemiological situation of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in a number of countries, RF and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has been studied. Three zones of the spread of the new coronavirus infection were conditionally identified: "red", "yellow", "green", which include countries with high, medium and favorable rates of spread. There were analyzed the prevalence, morbidity, mortality and lethality, dependence of the detection of new cases on the level of average air temperature.

Studies of serological and molecular biological markers of viral hepatitis in different regions of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) were carried out to study the wide distribution of serological, molecular biological markers of viral hepatitis and assess the epidemiological situation of viral hepatitis in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia). It was shown that in the structure of mixed viral hepatitis, viral hepatitis C with virus G is more common than mixed viral hepatitis B + C. A high proportion of mixed viral hepatitis C + E was also determined. Patients with triple mixed viral hepatitis E + B + C and quadruple mixed viral hepatitis E + B + C + D were identified in equal shares. Double, triple mixed viral hepatitis should always be considered a potentially serious illness.

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an enzyme, which involved in lipid metabolism and biotransformation of xenobiotics. It was reported that the Q192R polymorphism affects the activity of paraoxonase, determining the differential sensitivity to certain organophosphorus pesticides and the predisposition to diseases associated with lipid metabolism disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of alleles and genotypes of the Q192R polymorphism of PON1 gene in different populations of Eastern Siberia: Russians, Buryats, Evenks, Tofalars. Evenks, Tofalars and Buryats, belonging to the North Asian small race, form a separate cluster, distanced from the populations of the Far Eastern Mongoloids (Japanese, Koreans) and Caucasoid populations.

The article analyzes the main statistical indicators that characterize the state of cancer incidence and mortality in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Russian Federation. Detailed analysis was performed for the regions of the Republic. The main trends of cancer incidence for individual localizations for 2009-2019 are revealed. The main directions of development of oncologic service in the reduction of mortality of population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) from malignant neoplasms and improve the quality of life of cancer patients are presented.

A study of the association of certain biochemical and immunological parameters with abdominal obesity and arterial hypertension was carried in indigenous peoples of the North of the Arctic territory of Yakutia. The data show that hypertensive patients have a high frequency of abdominal obesity, high cholesterol due to the atherogenic fraction. A statistically significant reliable relationship was revealed between the levels of glucose and lipids with waist size and systolic blood pressure. Significant correlation of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 with abdominal obesity in hypertensive patients was obtained.

The age and gender indicators of lipid metabolism and glucose were analyzed in a cohort of indigenous people aged 20 to 95 years. The frequency of dyslipidemia was studied. Blood lipids in long-livers are close to those of 20-29 year olds. High cholesterol and triglycerides in men occur at the age of 40-49 years, in women 10 years later. In men in all age groups, the glucose content is higher, the antiatherogenic fraction of lipids is lower. The higher is weight, the higher is the level of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and lower the level of HDL cholesterol. Changes in the lipid profile in men occur from 30 to 69 years, in women - from 50 to 79 years. The peak incidence of dyslipidemia, obesity and the amount of total cholesterol and glucose occurs at the age of 50-59 years, which classifies this group on the basis of serious metabolic disorders as a risk group for the development of pathologies as an obstacle to surviving to the age of long-livers.

The stress-releasing hormones in river workers before and after a long voyage in Yakutia have been evaluated. We revealed a significant increase in the level of thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, T4) and testosterone, as well as a decrease in cortisol and integral thyroid index, that is indicating stress, as well as signs of depletion of adaptive mechanisms.

Clinical and physiological study of risk factors for the development of periodontal diseases among the residents of the North is presented.

The presence of biological risk factors related to changes in the composition and properties of oral fluid, as well as a low level of sanitary level, was revealed. Disorders of the biophysical properties of mixed saliva were associated with increased viscosity, reduced salivation rate, preponderance of II and III types of microcristalization, pH acid increase, reduced lysozyme activity, low level of hygiene education. The identified risk factors have a negative effect on the prevalence of periodontal diseases and determine their clinical course.

The literature review presents the accumulated scientific experience of many researchers searching for plant-derived metabolites with potential action against SARS-CoV-2. Unlike synthetic drugs, herbal antiviral drugs do not require labor-intensive pharmaceutical synthesis and are more affordable and relatively safe. In this work, we searched for promising natural compounds as possible means of preventing and treating a new coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

A review of the literature on the problem of symphysiopathy in pregnant women is presented. Analysis of the data revealed that the presence of pain in the symphysis area is not a diagnostic criterion and an indication for caesarean section and for verification of the diagnosis, the most reliable method is ultrasound, confirming the presence of edema and diastasis of the symphysis.

The review provides basic information on the biological role, content and regulation of brain neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the body (section I), on the concentration of BDNF in the blood in neuropsychiatric diseases (section II), and analyzes the relationship between the content of BDNF in the brain and peripheral blood (section III, main).

The association of pro12Ala polymorphic markers of the PPARγ2 gene with metabolic syndrome and its components in the indigenous residents of Yakutia was studied. DNA samples of representatives of the Yakut nationality, permanently residing in the village Berdigestyakh of the Gorny Ulus of Yakutia were under study. Carriage of the Ala allele was quite often observed in the studied group. At the same time, in most cases, the Pro/Ala genotype was established, and only in 2 cases - Ala/Ala. This distribution is generally not very typical for Asian populations. The results of the study did not reveal statistically significant associations of polymorphic markers of the PPARγ2 gene (rs 1801282) with metabolic disorders.

Changes in the activity of the cerebral cortex during the task on working memory in alcohol-dependent patients with and without comorbid depressive disorder were under study.

Lower values of working memory volume were found in alcohol-dependent patients with comorbid depressive disorder compared to patients suffering only from alcohol dependence, which is accompanied by differences in the activation of the cortex. In patients with comorbidity of alcohol dependence and depressive disorder, only beta activity in the posterior cortex changes during the task on working memory.

The article analyzes the data of a study of patients who applied for initial consultation at the cabinet of cognitive disorders of the Clinic of the Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems in the period 2018-2019. The age of the patients ranged from 24 to 90 years. To assess the structure of cognitive disorders, an analysis was carried out using the Montreal Cognitive Scale (MoCA) and the modified Khachinsky ischemic scale. Cognitive disorders have been correlated to age and educational level. Various neurodegenerative diseases were identified and specified.

The analysis of the results of morphometric study of the thalamus using the method of magnetic resonance imaging of 73 mesocrane men aged 27 to 83 years without diseases and injuries of the central and peripheral nervous system, who do not have a history of alcohol and drug dependence, with a predominance of the right hand (right-handed), with no signs of pathology of the brain departments detected during the study, was done. From young to old age, mesocrane men showed a decrease in the parameters of all linear sizes of the thalamus. In the young, elderly, and senile ages in the left hemisphere, there is a tendency for the predominance of parameters of the transverse, longitudinal and vertical dimensions of the thalamus in comparison with the right hemisphere (p>0.05). The results obtained can be used as a reference for the age-related anatomical norm of the size of the thalamus in mesocrane men and will be useful for radiologists when conducting magnetic resonance imaging studies of brain structures.

Takayasu arteritis (TA) has different clinical manifestations from asymptomatic to severe disease and can be complicated by neurological symptoms, but convulsive attacks in such patients are rarely registered. The presented clinical case demonstrates the difficulties of differential diagnosis of epileptic seizures and convulsive syncope in a rare course of Takayasu arteritis in a 19-year-old girl who treated recurrent paroxysms with impaired consciousness, convulsions and falls, motor automatism in the hands, which were regarded as pharmacoresistant epileptic attacks. Clinical examination showed severe arterial hypotension, and further examination revealed the diagnosis of non-specific aorto-arteritis.

Aortic arch interruption (AAI) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the absence of one of the segments of the aortic arch with a violation of its continuity and the ductus-dependent nature of the blood flow through the descending aorta. In this article, we present a clinical case of AAI in a child born in 2019 and examined at the Perinatal Center of “Republican Hospital №1 - National Medical Center”.

Timely diagnosis of AAI, conservative treatment for preoperative stabilization of the child’s condition allowed positive solving the question of surgical treatment in Novosibirsk cardiac surgery center.