The prevalence and treatment features of arterial hypertension (AH) in the indigenous rural population of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic were studied. A high prevalence of arterial hypertension among the examined population was revealed. Half of the examined individuals with hypertension took antihypertensive drugs. The most commonly used drugs were angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium channel blockers.

The research objective was investigation the correlation of allelic variants and genotypes of the rs 320 polymorphism of the LPL gene with the metabolic syndrome and its components in adult population of the Yakut ethnic group. In the studied group it was not possible to establish a direct correlation between the allelic variants, the genotypes of the LPL rs320 gene with the metabolic syndrome and its components. However, it is important to note that individuals with the TT genotype had somewhat higher level of triglycerides in the blood. It may be associated with a small sample size. We assume that the T allele is associated with low enzyme activity in this population, and plays a key role in the development of diseases associated with metabolic disorders.

In this work, we analyzed the polymorphism rs3104413 of the HLA-DQA1 gene among patients with type 1 diabetes and a control sample from the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). Diabetes mellitus type 1 (type 1 diabetes) among all forms of diabetes is no more than 10-15%, and type 1 diabetes is considered to be the most important medico-social problem of health care, since this disease often occurs in childhood and adolescence, it is characterized by the severity of the course, early disability and mortality.

A case-control study was conducted for the indigenous population living in the Arctic territory of Yakutia to determine the association of the M235T polymorphism of the AGT gene with hypertension and its risk factors. A higher average blood pressure, elevated cholesterol and its fractions, a higher incidence of abdominal obesity in carriers of the mutant GG genotype were found both in the general population and separately for people with hypertension. The study shows the contribution of the G allele of the AGT gene to the development of hypertension, lipid disorders and abdominal obesity.

A retrospective analysis of patients with II and III stages of the disease, diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus after surgical treatment was performed. The prognostic significance of the expression of immunohistochemical markers p53, bcl-2, ki-67, E-cadherin, as well as the proliferative activity of tumors, was studied. A significant decrease in the frequency of tumors expressing p53, as well as an increase in the number of tumors expressing bcl-2, was detected in the group of patients with an increase in the event-free period for up to 365-540 days. In the group with progression from 181 to 364 and from 365 to 540 days, the average indicator of bcl-2 positive cells in the tumor is 2.3 and 2.8 times higher than in patients with progression up to 180 days. The ki-67 index in the group with progression up to 180 days was significantly higher than that in the group with progression from 181–364 and 365–540 days. High proliferative activity was detected only in patients with progression up to 180 days. The expression of E-cadherin in the group with progression from 365–540 days is significantly higher than that of patients with progression < 180 and 181–364 days.

In the present study the variability of the GWAS-identified SNP allele frequencies associated with BMI and obesity was studied. The results of our study were compared with data on 20 populations from the international project “1000 Genomes”. Genetic markers that make the greatest contribution to the genetic differentiation of populations were identified.

A comparative assessment of the main parameters of lipid and sex hormone metabolism in men – the indigenous and non-indigenous residents of the Asian North – and relatively healthy men in Western Siberia was carried out (comparison group). It was found that the lipid profile in indigenous men was characterized by a shift in the spectrum of lipoproteins towards high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol) compared with the lipid profile in the non-indigenous population and the comparison group. The atherogenicity coefficient (CA) in the indigenous people did not exceed the permissible values. A positive correlation was found between the cholesterol level of low density lipoproteins (LDL cholesterol) and CA with a calendar age, as well as the content of HDL cholesterol with DHEA-S of both indigenous and non-indigenous residents of the Asian North. DHEA-S level in non-indigenous population was found to negatively correlate with triglycerides and atherogenic coefficient. This group of men was characterized by high levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high atherogenic coefficient.

The article presents a retrospective clinical study. The aim of the study was to determine the factors associated with arterial duct persistence in newborns with congenital heart disease. This study was conducted in RS (Ya) for the first time. The most common association of a functioning ductus arteriosus with congenital heart defects was found among newborns with a gestation period of less than 32 weeks. It was found that the frequency of association of congenital heart disease with a functioning arterial duct significantly increased depending on the severity of heart failure.

The article is devoted to the problem of the venous thromboembolic complications stratification in a cases of the colorectal cancer. The underestimation of the risk level of these complications was revealed. The reason of this risk underestimation was the absence of some risk factors evaluation connected with the patients’ comorbidity and surgery. The authors of the article described method of the thromboembolism risk stratification by new soft for PC with ability to evaluate the risk objectively, unified and with mathematical accuracy with minimal effort. It was found out the patients suffering from colorectal surgery has extremely high risk of the thromboembolic complications.

The authors made the analysis of the clinical features and epidemiology of chronic myeloproliferative diseases in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia). The results of research demonstrated an increase of disease incidence in 2015-2016, high frequency of thrombotic complications among people younger than 60 years and the prevalence of the latent onset of the disease. The average time from thrombosis onset to disease diagnosis was 1 year. Arterial thrombosis - that is acute disorders of cerebral circulation and myocardial infarction - occurred most often. During follow up 19.4% of patients have developed re-thrombosis.

The work was carried out on the basis of an analysis of the results of cytological studies of the cervix with dysplastic changes in women of different age groups in order to determine the frequency of occurrence of cervical precancerous diseases. Early detection and treatment of cervical precancer will contribute to a real reduction in the incidence and mortality from cervical cancer.

The blood pressure indicators of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) residents were analyzed from the perspective of the golden ratio. The structured spot of blood pressure (SSBP) and the ratio of DBP/SBP were used to assess the blood pressure indicators. It is now known that SSBP is approaching the value of the golden ratio (GP) - 0.618 (harmonious ratio). It has been established that SSBP opens up new possibilities in terms of predicting the stability of blood pressure during function tests in patients with arterial hypertension.

The article presents the results of studies of the lactate level, physical performance and lipid peroxidation in highly skilled athletes in the Far North. The control group consisted of young students engaged in physical exercises at least twice a week. It was shown that the level of lactate depended on the level of physical performance of athletes and the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products. The highest values of lactic acid were noted at the recovery stage.

The review presents examples of translation of genomic studies into practical medicine of two common in Europe hereditary diseases – autosomal recessive cystic fibrosis and autosomal dominant Huntington's Chorea. With the development of genetic technologies in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia), translational medicine is becoming a reality, it is necessary to outline the approaches and problems in this field of study on example of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 and autosomal recessive deafness type 1A, frequent in the Republic.

The research compares the behavior components defining the attitude of the person to his health at comprehensive schools and university in Yakutsk. So, distinctions in value-required, cognitive, emotional and behavioral components have been found. Individual peculiarities, consciousness and attitude to health-saving behavior have been revealed. Health-saving set and readiness for actions in this area are insufficiently generated in both groups. We should rely on youth high aspirations to self-assertion and self-development when we work with them in the field of health-saving consciousness and behavior.

The characteristics of the permanent teeth eruption in the 7 to 17 years old Volgograd schoolchildren was under study, the obtained data were compared with the dynamics of anthropometric indicators (height, body weight), taking into account gender differences. The distinctions in the indicator “permanent teeth eruption” in different regions of the country (according to literary sources) were analyzed. The differences in number and timing of the permanent teeth eruption in comparison with similar indicators in regions with other climate, socio-economic, ethnic and ecological peculiarities were identified. The correlation between the timing of the permanent teeth eruption and dynamics of somatometric parameters was established. The necessity of developing regional standards for permanent teeth eruption, the use of this indicator in assessing the physical development of students are justified.

This article is devoted to the actual problem of recurrent aphthous stomatitis in children. The authors studied the features of the course of recurrent aphthous stomatitis in children and the effectiveness of the use of Imudon in the treatment of this disease.
All children showed a decrease in immunity, changes in the general blood test. In the treatment of recurrent stomatitis, in addition to local treatment, treatment with Imudon is recommended, which leads to a reduction in clinical symptoms, normalization of immune status indicators and a general blood test.

The study takes a look at the work of clinical laboratory service performing microscopic diagnosis of tuberculosis in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). We analyzed results of Ziehl-Neelsen microscopic detection of tuberculosis (TB) in clinical diagnostic laboratories of primary care facilities in 2005, and over the period from 2012 to 2016.

The objective of the research was to assess the prevalence and structure of the metabolic syndrome among the indigenous female population of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia). A screening survey of a female population (n = 628) aged 20 years and older, living in the Oymyakonsky, Gorny and Tattinsky districts of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia), was conducted. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome, according to IDF criteria, was 22.6%. Metabolic syndrome in more than half of cases manifested itself as a combination of abdominal obesity, high blood pressure and dyslipidemia. The dynamics of the frequency of metabolic disorders in different age groups indicates that abdominal obesity is the main pathogenetic factor contributing to the development of a chain of metabolic disorders in this population.

The prevalence of non-motor symptoms (NMS) and the association between various motor and non-motor symptoms and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in the Tomsk region were studied. Each PD patient had eight different individual NMS on average. The most common among them were constipation, depression, sleep disturbance anxiety, apathy, and impulsive behavioral disorders. There was a significant association between the quality of life and severity of anxiety, depression, apathy, UPDRS III assessment, Hoehn and Yahr scale stage, disease duration, and levodopa equivalent dosage.

There has been conducted a study of the age dynamics and characteristics of the bone mineral density (BMD) in the adult population of Yakutsk city. There have been revealed the BMD maximum age rates in both women (aged between 40 and 49 years old) and men (aged between 60 and 69 years old). The first 10 years after menopause onset in women, BMD decreases by 18%. The correlation of body mass index and BMD depending on gender and ethnicity was revealed.

The article analyzes the risk factors for the development of gallstone disease on the example of patients of the surgical ward of the Republican hospital No.1 – NCM (Yakutsk, Russia) after cholecystectomy. It presents data on the analysis of the organic composition of gallstones using infrared spectrometry. It was revealed that gallstone disease is most common in hypersthenic women of the second adult stage, every third patient has a burdened familial history. Most of the examined stones were cholesterol ones. Analysis, synthesis, and accumulation of analytical material will bring to an understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of gallstones in the indigenous population, the role of endogenous and environmental factors, timely prevention and effective treatment of gallstone disease.

The article analyzes the severity of frailty, anxiety and depression, parameters of quality of life depending on gender and evaluates the effect of asthenia and anxiety-depressive states on the quality of life of long-livers in Yakutsk. According to the study, depending on gender, significant differences were noted in terms of anxiety, depression and the scales of quality of life: "bodily pain", "social functioning", "role emotional" and general indicator of physical health. Indicators of frailty correlated with the level of anxiety, depression, and low rates across all scales of quality of life.

A biomedical and legal analysis of environmental problems in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and their impact on the health status of the population of the region is presented. The main factors of the negative impact of the environment of the Arctic zone on human health were identified. Conclusions are drawn about the immanent nature of environmental risks, and, accordingly, risks to public health during intensive industrial development of the Arctic zone. To prevent and minimize the risks to human health in the Arctic zone and environmental protection, it is necessary to make changes to a number of legislative acts of the Russian Federation, as well as to adopt a comprehensive Federal Law “On the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation”, which should be based on a single concept of legal regulation, taking into account the climatic, environmental and biomedical specifics of the Arctic.

The paper reports a representative study of the vitaminization effect of children in the North (Norilsk) on one of the most important indicators of health - immunity. Features of variability of morphofunctional indicators of the immune system of schoolchildren after prolonged vitaminization in the conditions of the Arctic are revealed. It was found that after the inclusion of multivitamins in the diet of children, a decrease in the level of catecholamines (CA) and an increase in the content of serotonin in blood lymphocytes were observed. It was revealed that in the group of boys, the level of CA decreased to a greater extent than in girls. Also, after taking multivitamins in children, an increase in the content of stab neutrophils in the peripheral blood was noted.

Parameters of sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness were studied in children aged 7-12 years living in the Arctic zone of Russia. No gender differences in daytime sleepiness were found. The delay in bedtime onset for most children is reported. Self-questionnaires revealed awakenings in the middle of the night in almost half of the children, and insomnia was mild or moderate in 43.3% of the examined children in the European North of Russia. We have shown that children’s age affects the level of daytime sleepiness. Consequently, older children must sleep more than younger ones to achieve the same level of alertness and cognitive ability. Thus, children compensate for lack of sleep during the next day via daytime nap.

Northern climatic factors lead to significant changes in human’s physiological functions based on modified functional condition of the endocrine system, metabolic processes, and lipid metabolism in particular. Adequate assessment and correct interpretation of lipid metabolism variables are of major importance for early detection and timely prevention of cardiovascular pathology. The review considers key lipid metabolism indices. We also present our own data about the role of compound indices in lipid metabolism assessment in healthy inhabitants of the North.

This article presents a review of the literature. The authors conducted a scientific search on the epidemiology of obesity and overweight in different ethnic groups. Most of the epidemiological studies conducted to identify obesity and overweight used the most accessible method - the determination of body mass index. Data on ethnic origin can provide additional information for a personalized prognosis; to date, there is no single classification for obesity and overweight for Asians.

The analysis of works published according to the results of studies by foreign and domestic authors on the role of the pulmonary neuroendocrine system in the functioning of the bronchi is carried out. Modern ideas about the endocrine mechanisms of bronchial control in patients with bronchial asthma are presented. A brief description of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory peptide substances produced in the bronchopulmonary system is given. The possibilities of using some peptide substances as drugs in the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma are indicated.

The article presents the analysis of 3D modeling laboratory efficiency after its introduction in the departments of radio diagnostics. Prospects and risks of the work of this unit is presented in the study. The calculation of economic indicators shows that the payback is around 2 years, the breakeven point is 60 – 70 clients per month. Results obtained economically and technologically justify active deployment of 3D modeling labs in medical institutions.

The study was conducted in patients of elderly and senile age, representatives of the indigenous and non-indigenous ethnic group. It has been established that the development and progression of chronic cerebral ischemia occurs in parallel with the progression of chronic kidney disease. At the same time, representatives of the non-indigenous population showed more severe neurological symptoms due to structural changes in the cerebral vascular bed due to hypertension and atherosclerosis, as well as severe renal dysfunction. Evens had milder clinical symptoms of chronic cerebral ischemia and lower renal abnormalities.

The age of the “Indo-European” haplotypes HLA-A1/B17 and HLA-A1/B8 is calculated for different populations of Eurasia. The obtained data are compared with historical events. The results show that the most ancient carriers of the HLA-A1/B17 haplotype are Latvians, and the HLA-A1/ B8 haplotype are the Turks. The distribution of the HLA-A1/B17 haplotype in populations is consistent with the migration patterns of Indo-European tribes. This is not observed for HLA-A1/B8; therefore, it has been suggested that the majority of Indo-European tribes did not have this haplotype. A definition of allele frequencies is proposed by directly counting the number of haplotypes by alleles without using the Bernstein formula.

The authors described the clinical observation of postoperative sternomediastinitis. The feasibility of a two-stage surgical treatment of this pathology was noted: the first stage is the removal of ligatures and necrectomy of the sternum, the second is the resection of the sternum with plastic replacement of the wound defect. At the integrity of the sternum, the authors propose to perform surgical intervention, including the preservation of bone tissue, sternal rheosteosynthesis.

In the treatment of cold injuries for maximum tissue recovery temperature is very important. The frostbitten area must be warmed up due to the natural heat exchange by the blood circulation, for this the condition of maximum thermal insulation of the affected area must be observed. The article describes the method and provides data on the laboratory determination of thermal conductivity and heat transfer resistance of the material “Hotutent”, from which the heat-insulating sheaths are made for treatment of frostbitten extremities. The results were obtained by the method of stationary thermal conditions at the facility assembled in the department of heat and mass transfer processes of the IPTPN SB RAS.

The article presents the analysis of the temporary disability cases in patients with the maxillofacial area diseases that received treatment and rehabilitation in the dental medical organizations in 2007-2016.
The groups of the maxillofacial area diseases that lead to restriction and/or loss of capacity for work of the adult population in the Republic of Tatarstan were identified.
The statistically significant differences in the structure of temporary disability cases by nosological groups, depending on sex, age and year of observation were revealed.

The article presents the results of a study of factors that possibly affect the duration of persistent functioning ductus arteriosus in newborns with congenital heart defects in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia). Factors such as multiple pregnancy, surgical delivery, gestational arterial hypertension, preeclampsia, fetoplacental insufficiency, anemia of the pregnant woman, the threatened miscarriage, congenital heart disease of the mother, ethnicity of the mother and father are considered.