Objective: To study the seasonal variations of 25(OH) vit D in patients with osteoporosis.

Materials and methods. We observed 396 patients diagnosed with osteoporosis/osteopenia aged 24 to 93 years. The diagnosis of OP was based on the clinical recommendations of Osteoporosis-2021 approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. All patients underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry using the Lunar DPX apparatus. Vitamin 25(OH)D3 levels were determined using the commercial 25-OH Vitamin D ELISA kit. For statistical data processing, the software packages "STATISTICA 10.0 for Windows" were used.

Results. We have found that during the year most patients have significant seasonal changes in the 25(OH) vit D level. The minimum value was recorded in January and December (respectively, 50.85 and 55.83 nmol/l). We found significant differences in the concentration of 25(OH) vit D between patients who were observed in June and patients who were examined in the remaining months (p<0.001); as well as between patients examined in August and patients observed in the spring months (p<0.05). Similar significance was observed between July and April (p=0.037). It was found that the highest percentage of patients with vitamin D deficiency was observed in April and reached 16.67%. In the period from June to September, the frequency of hypovitaminosis was significantly lower and amounted to 1.92–3.7%. It was found that with increasing age of patients there is a gradual decrease in the level of 25(OH) vit D blood (r = 0.099, p = 0.049).

Findings. Based on the data obtained, it is recommended to carry out the prevention of vitamin D deficiency for the population of the Volgograd region. Prevention should be carried out from September to May, in accordance with international recommendations. These recommendations are especially relevant for older people.

Aim. The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the preoperative level of the concentration of tumor markers CA-125, HE4 and DJ-1 in the blood serum in endometrial and non-endometrial cancer of the uterine body.

Materials and methods. 249 patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC), 33 patients with serous (SC) and 24 patients with clear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the uterine body of stages IIIV according to FIGO were examined. Prior to the start of specialized antitumor treatment, the concentration of CA-125, HE4 and DJ-1 proteins was determined in blood serum by enzyme immunoassay.

Results. In patients with EC, SC and CCC the blood levels of CA-125 and HE4 tumor markers were elevated relative to the reference normal range, but did not differ significantly between the groups (p>0,05). A comparative analysis showed that a statistically significant difference between the groups was found only for the DJ-1 marker. In patients with EC, the mean blood level of DJ-1 corresponded to 521,4±12,8 pg/ml and in rare forms of uterine body cancer it was higher. With CCC the concentration DJ-1 was 984,2±19,2 pg/ml and in SC – 998,5±23,7 pg/ml.

Conclusion. For the differential diagnosis of endometrial and non-endometrial cancer of the body of the uterus, preoperative measurement of the concentration of DJ-1 in the blood is informative.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all lung cancers, 15-30% of which is squamous cell carcinoma, 54% is adenocarcinoma. The copy number variations (CNVs) as one of the factors affecting gene transcription activity is necessary to assess the role of genetic variation in pathological processes. The purpose of our study was to research the relative number of copies of 14 onco-associated genes: APC, AURCA, CCND1, GKN1, PIK3CA, NKX2-1, ERBB2, SOX2, EGFR1, BRCA1, BRСА2, TP63, CDKN2A, MDM2, in lung tissue samples as tumor markers of lung cancer. The study included 72 patients with Slavic and Crimean Tatar (Crimean) population, aged 46-78 (median 64) years with a diagnosis of lung cancer T1-1aN0-2M0-1 (stage I-IV). The relative copy number variation of genetic loci was assessed by the RT-qPCR method. In our study, statistically significant CNV change events (p<0.05) were recorded for the CCND1, GKN1, PIK3CA, EGFR1, SOX2, BRCA2, TP63, MDM2 genes in squamous cell carcinoma samples and NKX2-1 in lung adenocarcinoma samples. Thus, these genes can be used as differentiating and diagnostic biomarkers in NSCLC.

The aim of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of average irisin levels between female and male (with normal weight and obese) to assess sexual dimorphism. Circulating levels of irisin in the blood of 279 Yakuts (185 female, 94 male, average age 19.8 ± 2.03 years) were determined. A comparative analysis of irisin levels between male and female in three BMI groups (underweight, normal weight, overweight/obesity) was carried out. The average level of irisin in the blood plasma in female was 8.33 ± 2.74 mcg/mL, and in male 7.76 ± 1.86 mcg/mL. Sexual dimorphism (p = 0.02) was detected in Yakuts with normal weight, where the level of irisin was higher in women (8.42 = 2.92 mcg/mL) compared to men (7.51 = 1.61 mcg/mL). Conducted a comparative analysis of irisin levels between male and female based on global data, were including this analysis are 2132 people. The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 61 years old. The meta-analysis was carried out for two different BMI groups: the first group included people with normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), the second group included people with varying degrees of obesity (>30 kg/m2). Comparative analysis of irisin levels in a large sample revealed statistically significant sexual dimorphism, where irisin levels were also higher in female compared to male, only in a sample of obese people (p = 0.02), in a sample of people with normal weight, no sexual differences were found (p = 0.09). Thus, the influence of obesity on sexual dimorphism was revealed.

The incidence of acute cholecystitis, to date, remains at the same level and amounts to 1.6 cases per 100,000 people. Mortality in this pathology ranges from 4 to 26%. There is no doubt that changes occur in any pathology, both in the local and in the general link of immunity, acute cholecystitis is no exception. The most significant deviations are observed in humoral immunity. Based on this, these criteria can be used to improve the diagnosis of acute destructive cholecystitis. The aim. To evaluate changes in the humoral link of immunity in patients with acute destructive cholecystitis. Materials and methods: A single-stage study of 105 patients with various clinical and morphological variants of acute calculous cholecystitis (acute catarrhal cholecystitis (n=35); acute phlegmonous cholecystitis (n=35); acute gangrenous cholecystitis (n=35)), comparable in age, gender and concomitant pathology and time of surgical intervention, was conducted. When patients were admitted to the hospital with suspected acute cholecystitis, the activity of the following immunogram parameters was determined in the first 2 hours: IgA, IgG, IgM and total immunoglobulin. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the SPSS Statistics 10.0 program in compliance with the principles of statistical analysis adopted for research in biology and medicine. The results. As a result of the study, an increase in the level of IgA in a subgroup of patients with acute gangrenous cholecystitis (subgroup № 3) to 139.5 IU/ml was found, which is 1,3 times higher than the reference level (p<0,05), 1.1 times less (p<0,05) than the values of the clinical comparison group, and 1.1 times higher (p≤0.05) values obtained in subgroups with catarrhal (subgroup № 1) and phlegmonous (subgroup № 2) acute cholecystitis. It was revealed that the concentration of IgG in subgroup № 3 reaches 196,6 IU/ml, which exceeds the indicators in other groups, relative to the norm values by 1,4 times (p≤0,05), comparison group by 1,4 times (p≤0,05), subgroup № 1 by 1,6 times (p≤0,05), subgroup № 2 1,2 times (p≤0,05). In the subgroup with acute gangrenous cholecystitis, it was found that the concentration of IgM is 190,4 IU/ml, which is higher than in other groups: the clinical comparison group by 1,6 times (p≤0,05), subgroup № 1 by 1,5 times (p≤0,05), subgroup № 2 by 1,2 times (p≤0,05). Conclusions. The study found that in destructive forms of acute cholecystitis, an increase in IgG was recorded by 1,6 times in comparison with the group of patients with non-destructive cholecystitis (p<0,05), as well as IgM by 1,3 times in comparison with the group of patients with non-destructive cholecystitis.

Tuberculosis is one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide. According to the approved clinical recommendations, combined anti-tuberculosis therapy with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol. Isoniazid is one of the most effective anti-tuberculosis drugs for the treatment of drug–sensitive tuberculosis, however, it has a wide range of undesirable side effects, including drug-induced liver injury. The enzyme glutathione S-transferase is involved in the detoxification of toxic metabolites of isoniazid. There are a number of studies in which the role of deletion genotypes GSTM1 and GSTT1 of the enzyme glutathione S-transferase has been investigated and established, both individually and in combination to increase the frequency of undesirable adverse reactions when using drugs. However, the data obtained are ambiguous and contradictory. In this regard, we have presented an article aimed at studying the effect of polymorphic genes GSTM1 and GSTT1 on the activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in blood serum in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis of the respiratory system. Preliminary results of our study showed that carrying a combination of deletion genotypes in the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes statistically significantly increases the activity of ALT and AST in tuberculosis therapy in patients of Yakut nationality. An increase in ALT and AST levels in the blood indicates the likelihood of hepatocellular liver damage during anti-tuberculosis therapy in carriers of a combination of deletion genotypes (GSTM1(del)/GSTT1(del)) of the enzyme glutathione-S transferase.

The results of treatment of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration with a modern anti-angiogenic drug registered in Russia in November 2020 were analyzed. After three intravitreal injections in the recommended Treat&Extend regimen, the patients showed positive dynamics in both anatomical and functional parameters during the examination.

Primary colonic melanoma is a rare malignant tumor with an aggressive course and a poor prognosis. The extremely low incidence of this pathology is due to the fact that there are no melanocytes in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, from which the tumor develops. The development of non-pigmented melanoma are even rarer. Due to the lack of clinical guidelines for the treatment of primary colonic melanoma, therapy is mainly carried out empirically. The article describes a clinical case that demonstrates the possibilities of surgical treatment of primary non-pigmented melanoma of the colon with satisfactory oncological results.

Dynamics in the development of otorhinolaryngological pathologies among Sakha Republic’s population has a positive upward trend, and one of the main reasons is the deformity of the nasal septum, which, according to some authors, makes up 56 to 95% of all treatment cases. Congenital deformities or developmental anomalies leading to deviation of the nasal septum in children with untimely diagnosis can lead to chronic inflammatory processes in the mucous membrane of the cavity and paranasal sinuses. This causes a violation of the airway function of the upper respiratory tract and increased probability of infectious diseases. Diagnosis of these conditions in children under 6 years of age will prevent these consequences, as well as reduce the need for surgical treatment of septoplasty. This article discusses a method for describing the developmental patterns of the nasal septum as one of the practical methods for early diagnosis of children. The method uses computed tomography data of children of the indigenous population of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic. We have analyzed the results of studies of multislice CT of the head in multiplanar mode for children aged 0 to 4 with a total of 48 patients. At the same time, the grouping of research subjects was based on gender (boys, girls) and age (by years). While analyzing the images, we used the linear dimensions of the nasal septum, including the length and height of the septum, as well as its angle of deviation. According to the results of the analysis, we found statistically significant correlations, which made it possible to conclude that there is a linear relationship between age groups and each of the indicators, as well as a decrease in the deviation angle of the nasal septum with age.

The article presents the results of a sociological study of the impact of preventive activity in the form of information and educational lectures on the attitude of students to the consumption of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs. Monitoring studies conducted from 2010 to 2017 demonstrate significant reduction in smoking and alcohol consumption among students of both sexes.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) are one of the most important medical and social problems of modern society, as they are characterized by a continuously progressive course, severe disability of patients and the absence, in the vast majority of cases, of etiotropic methods of treatment. A significant part of the diseases in this group is age-dependent and develops mainly in the elderly and senile age. The absence in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (RS (Y) of a round-the-clock specialized hospital for the provision of medical care (MC) for patients with NDD is an urgent problem of regional healthcare. To date, the epidemiological situation of NDD in the RS (Y) remains insufficiently studied, despite The fact that the list of NDD under the code ICD-10 "G10-G37" is very wide and, according to annual reports, accounts for 75% of primary diseases of the nervous system. The article presents a comprehensive scientific program developed at the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Yakutsk Scientific Center for Complex Medical Problems" (FBSI YSC CMP). The program is aimed at improving and improving the existing model for providing specialized medical care to patients with neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (RS (Y). The comprehensive program included 5 consecutive stages that made it possible to open on the basis of the Clinic of YSC KMP Center for Neurodegeneration diseases (CNDZ), in which patients can receive both outpatient and inpatient care. This improved organizational model for the provision of specialized medical care to patients with NDD in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) was created as a result of the integration of a medical research institution and regional health authorities.

Aim: To analyze the work in the specialized anesthesiology and intensive care unit in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for patients with COVID-19 in the context of the pandemic.

Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted based on work perfomed by anesthesiology and intensive care unit (AICU) in the State Budgetary Institution of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) “Yakut Republican Clinical Hospital” (YRCH) for the period since March, 2020, to December, 2021.

Results and discussion: YRCH have repurposed the hospital beds and enhanced the material and technical equipment supply of the AICU. Given the epidemiological situation, the bed capacity and the staff schedule of the unit were in the scope of regulation. The medical staff level was 76.5 % in 2020 and 80 % in 2021. The level of nursing and medical attendant staff for the entire period was 100 %. During the study period 1,796 patients were admitted (488 patients in 2020, 1,308 patients in 2021). The bed turnover was 24.4 and 28.2 patients per bed, the average rate of bed occupancy was 136 and 244.6 days, the average length of stay of patients was 5.5 and 6.0 days in 2020 and 2021, respectively. In total, 1,015 patients have died (mortality rate – 56.5 %), with 281 patients to have died in 2020 (mortality rate — 58.0 %) and 734 in 2021 (mortality rate — 56.2 %). The mortality rate of patients significantly increases with age and amounted to 71.2 % in patients older than 81 years.  The main cause for admission in AICU was acute respiratory failure (ARF), the treatment has used is stepwise respiratory therapy. Standard oxygen therapy (15-20 l/min) was effective in 64 (3.6 %) patients, high-flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) was used in 1,732 (96.4 %) patients, non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) was used in 717 (39.9 %), invasive mechanical ventilation was used in 1,015 (56.5 %) patients.

Conclusion: The complex of measures for the deployment of specialized anesthesiology and intensive care for adults with COVID-19 in the YRCH has allowed to succeed with an overflow of patients suffering a severe course of the disease. The characteristics of the unit indicated the difficulties in managing patients with COVID-19 complicated by viral pneumonia with severe ARF.

Aim: to study the content of the biomarker of PAH exposure – 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHPyr) in the urine of workers in modern aluminum production in Eastern Siberia.

Materials and methods. 159 workers of electrolysis workshops with the technology of self-baked and pre-baked anodes were examined. The I group included 142 workers of the main professions engaged in the servicing of electrolyzers, anodes and cranes, the group II included 17 workers of auxiliary professions for pouring metal. The control group consisted of 14 people. Determination of 1-OHPyr was carried out by chromato-mass-spectrometry on an Agilent 7890A gas chromatograph. The data was processed in the Statictica 6.1 program.

Results. Significant differences were established between the median levels of 1-OHPyr in urine among workers of the main (2.2–75.2 µg/l) and auxiliary (0.48–7.6 µg/l) occupations in comparison with the values of the control group (0.17 µg/l) and Biological Exposure Index (2.5 µg/l, AGGIH 2020). The concentrations of 1-OHPyr in anodes workers were 6.4-20.9 times higher than those of electrolyzers workers and crane operators, and 9.9-156.7 times higher than the levels of auxiliary professions. The lowest concentrations of 1-OHPyr were found in urine samples of workers operators of workshops with the technology of pre-baked anodes.

Conclusion. The research results confirmed the increased professional impact of PAHs on aluminum production workers. The highest levels of 1-OHPyr in urine, characterizing the internal loads of PAHs and the associated high risk of health disorders, were found in operators servicing anodes of workshops with the technology of self-baked anodes.

The study was conducted as part of a pilot project at the Yakut Republican Oncological Dispensary titled ОНКОПОИСКСАХА.РФ (ONCOSEARCH), which is part of the national healthcare project. In 2021, 724 women from 5 uluses (villages) of the Republic of Sakha (Yaku-tia) and the city of Yakutsk took part in the study. The overall infection rate of high carcinogenic risk human papillomavirus (HCR HPV) among women in the Zhigansky Ulus was 10.6%, the Verkhoyansky Ulus – 4.7%, the Churapchinsky Ulus – 11%, the Namsky Ulus – 8.3%, the Srednekolymsky Ulus – 10.9%, and the city of Yakutsk – 5.5%. HCR HPV genotypes 16, 18 and 45 were identified as the most aggressive forms integrated into the human genome. In the article, we present the prevalence of HPV types by districts. We also highlight differences in in-fection among women of different age groups. The largest proportion of HCR HPV carriers falls on the age groups of 20-30 years (14.6%) and over 70 years (13.9%).

Resume. Gastrointestinal tract damage is a part of the course of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MVS-D) associated with the new COVID-19 coronavirus infection. According to the results of a retrospective study, gastrointestinal tract damage was detected in 77% of patients with MVS-D and is represented by signs such as abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea and peritoneal symptoms. In children with gastrointestinal tract lesions, significant differences were noted in the frequency of occurrence of the following signs: hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, hypotension/shock, as well as conjunctivitis and facial swelling. Among laboratory abnormalities, hypoalbuminemia is more characteristic, but the level of CRP and troponin is higher. The article shows that gastrointestinal tract damage is an important early predictor of the severity of MVS-D.

A pilot single-stage study of residents of Yakutsk, attached to the YSC CMP Clinic, with a history of new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in the period from March to December 2020 (1st and 2nd waves of the pandemic) was conducted. 2 groups of 80 people from 30 to 59 years old were formed, which were divided according to the time of infection with COVID-19. The 1st group included patients with a postcovid period from 3 to 6 months, in the 2nd from 7 to 11 months. The analysis revealed a high frequency of cardiometabolic disorders, in particular hypertension, obesity and metabolic syndrome. Men had a more severe course of infection, both in the first and in the second wave of the pandemic. The relationship between blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference and blood triglyceride levels with the severity of the disease is presented.

The article presents the results of assessing the level of melatonin after Covid-19 in residents of Yakutsk. It was found that after the coronavirus infection, there is a decrease in the level of melatonin. Coronavirus infection affects the production of melatonin, which subsequently leads to disruption of vital rhythms.

The paper presents the results of studying of the relationship of serum immunoglobulins (Ig) content of classes M, G, A and E with the level of immune response in residents of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. It was found that the average concentration of IgM, IgA and IgE in the peripheral venous blood of the Arctic residents was higher by 1.5-2 times, the registration frequency of elevated levels was higher by 2.4-8.6 times than of the people living in more favorable climatic conditions. Activation of autosensitization processes in Arctic residents is accompanied by a high frequency of recording of increased concentrations of autoantibodies to leukocytes, erythrocytes, ds-DNA, RNP, cardiolipin, oLDL at 10.41-57.14%. In the conditions of the Arctic a significant excessthe concentrations of CIC with IgM and IgA than the complexes with IgG, which indirectly confirms the activation of preventive inflammation responses and the more significant binding ability of secretory antibodies. The increase concentrations of IgM and IgA of the Arctic residents are associated with a decrease in cell-mediated cytotoxicity and with the increase in the level of IFN-γ, sCD71, which increases the efficiency clearance of waste product in hypoxic conditions.

Among the indigenous peoples of the Arctic coast of Yakutia (Yukaghirs, Chukchi, Evens, Evenks, Yakuts) there have long been enclaves of Russian old-settlers. The question of their origin remains unclear, but it is assumed that the ancestors of the Russian old settlers moved to the lower reaches of Indigirka in 16th century. To study the population genetic history we have analyzed for the first time Y-chromosome lineages of unrelated men from the village of Russkoe Ustye of Allaikhovsky ulus of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) (n=12). It was found that more than half (83.4%) of the lineages of the Russkoustinians are characteristic of populations of the Russian North (N3a4, N3a1, R1a, R1b) and only 16.6% are typical for population of Eastern Siberia (C3). The dominance of N3a4-lineages (58.4%) which are absent in the gene pool of indigenous population of North-Eastern Eurasia and found among the northern Russians of the Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions, testifies more in favor of the Pomor hypothesis of the origin of the Russkoustinians.

Psoriasis is a polygenic disease in which chronic inflammation in the skin develops as a result of an interaction between genetic predisposing factors and environmental triggers. The self-sustaining inflammatory response of the skin coexists with autoimmune and autoinflammatory components. From an immunological point of view, psoriasis is characterized by profound changes, including sustained activation of the tumor necrosis factor alpha axis with interleukins 23 and 17 (TNF-α/IL-23/IL-17), as well as high expression of early pro-inflammatory cytokines.

The study of the pathogenesis of psoriasis is still relevant. Numerous studies have established that concomitant ("comorbid") diseases are associated with psoriasis, which may be due to individual links in the pathogenesis of the underlying disease, including through immuno-metabolic disorders.

The purpose of this review was to analyze current data on the relationship between psoriasis and comorbid conditions. The review presents new data on comorbid associations of psoriasis with metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, intestinal dysbiosis, and other pathologies.

The object of the study was publicly available scientific information, the search for which was carried out in the databases: PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, RSCI, without language restrictions. An analysis of the literature data showed that psoriasis should be considered as a systemic inflammatory condition underlying comorbid associations. The pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in psoriasis is associated with constitutionally determined immune hyperreactivity. In turn, the developed metabolic abnormalities increase immune inflammation due to newly formed molecular patterns of dangers (DAMPs). Promising in understanding the causes of the formation of comorbid conditions and diseases in psoriasis is the study of general metabolic parameters, which will expand the understanding of the mechanisms of formation of comorbidity in psoriasis. In addition, this will allow the development of complex pathogenetic therapy, taking into account the correction of violations of metabolic processes in the body of patients. The analysis of scientific information shows that the systemic nature of psoriasis implies a personalized approach to its diagnosis and treatment, taking into account comorbid (comorbid) conditions.

Cognitive impairments are one of the leading problems of neurology and psychiatry due to their wide prevalence, especially in the elderly and senile age, the difficulty in diagnosis and treatment. In addition, the increase in life expectancy of the population in Russia and in the world will undoubtedly cause a rapid increase in patients with dementia and other cognitive impairments. However, dementia in most cases does not develop overnight; its development is preceded by a long period of time when the existing cognitive impairments do not yet disrupt the patient's household and professional activity. Cognitive impairment of this degree is called "pre-dementia" and is divided into subjective cognitive decline, subtle and mild cognitive impairments. This article discusses the key problems of subjective cognitive decline and subtle cognitive impairment, the interpretation and diagnosis of which raises the most frequent questions among clinicians. So, based on a review of Russian and foreign literature, the authors substantiate how it is possible to distinguish between subjective cognitive decline and subtle cognitive impairment, and discuss where the line with moderate cognitive impairment is. Separately, diagnostic algorithms and treatment tactics for subjective cognitive decline and subtle cognitive impairment are presented.

This review presents the main and latest stages of the study of brown adipose tissue in humans and animals, as well as the potential role of this tissue in their energy metabolism.

The literature review presents current data from the study of domestic and foreign literature of recent years on the effect of vitamins, vitamin-containing products and other nutrients on the reduction of acute infectious diseases in the population of the Far North.

The purpose of the study: to identify the possibilities of preventing acute respiratory viral diseases by increasing the effectiveness of preventive measures using modern methods of optimizing the nutrition of the population of the North.

Methodical approaches. The study of the literature was carried out in sections: “Seasonal fluctuations in acute infectious respiratory diseases”, “Peculiarities of human immunity in different seasons of the year”, “Nutrition and the immune system”, “Possibilities of using local raw materials in the diets of the population of the North for preventive purposes”

Results. The patterns of formation of seasonal transient immunodeficiencies and immune dysfunctions against the background of alimentary-dependent deficiency of macroand microelements, unbalanced with the nutritional needs of the population living in the North, were determined. The existing and priority fundamental approaches to the formation of diets using products of the local raw material base are analyzed. It is necessary to diversify the diet of the population of the North by including vitamin-mineral complexes and products with immunomodifying properties. Industrially produced functional foods should be used, which can increase immune defenses and reduce the prevalence of viral respiratory diseases and their consequences.

Conclusion. The analyzed publications indicate that an increased incidence in a certain season can be considered as a problem of the formation of transient induced immunodeficiency in the Far North. One of the reasons for this is the peculiarity of the functioning of the immune system in conditions of seasonal rhythms. Modern possibilities of nutrition science allow to actively form a balanced daily human diet. The increase in immunity is achieved through the use of vitamins and vitamin-containing complexes and other nutrients that can increase the level of immune protection and, accordingly, reduce the prevalence of viral respiratory diseases and their consequences, which is extremely important for the population living in the extreme conditions of the Arctic zone.

Numerous scientific studies in various fields of medicine have reliably shown the presence of features in the predisposition, occurrence, course, treatment, rehabilitation and prevention of various nosological forms in representatives of certain ethnic groups. This article presents a review of the scientific literature on the study of the history of the emergence of ethnic groups. Various theories and concepts of the ethnos based on different methodological approaches are described. Despite the centuries-old numerous studies of scientists around the world, there is still no unity in the scientific community in the approach to the definition of ethnicity and ethnicity. The analysis of scientific literature has shown that domestic researchers in their works, when dividing into groups, use different principles for determining ethnicity. Currently, the active migration processes observed all over the world, the expansion of socio-cultural borders have led to the formation of ethnically mixed groups of the population for several generations. A new anthropological type of population (mestizos) is being formed, which has distinctive morphofunctional indicators and, possibly, a specific level of climatogeographic, social adaptation. Thus, the study of morphofunctional characteristics, patterns of physical development, individual typological features of a large stratum of the population (mestizos) at different segments of the ontogenetic cycle seems relevant and timely, and will make it possible to compile a morphofunctional portrait of the modern population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

In this study regional reference ranges for normal ultrasound anatomy of the thyroid gland in boys and girls aged 16-21 living in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) were established. A total of 166 adolescents were examined, of which there were 84 boys (50.6%) and 82 girls (49.4%). The subjects underwent an ultrasound examination with the measurement of linear dimensions and the determination of thyroid volume. According to the results of the study in both groups, the linear dimensions and volume of the right lobe of the thyroid gland prevailed over the indicators of the left lateral lobe. The average thyroid volume in boys was higher and amounted to 11.4±2.6 cm3 and 9.7 ± 3.6 cm3, respectively. The quantitative characteristics of the thyroid gland, obtained as a result of the study, made it possible to identify patterns of variability in the intravital anatomy of this variable organ in adolescents living in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) depending on gender. When compared with the data of foreign authors, the values obtained in this study were somewhat higher, which indicates the need for an in-depth study of the regional characteristics of anatomical norm indicators for the thyroid gland.

The article summarizes the history of scientific research translation into the practical healthcare in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) on the example of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1, the most common hereditary disease in the Yakut population.

In the duration of twenty years, translational medicine has developed in Yakutia, approaches to personalized medicine are being developed and the use of genomic technologies has become a reality of our time.

The features of the functional organization of the external respiration system in students, young Yakuts, with different body types were studied. If in normosthenics the relationship of 13 studied parameters of the respiratory system was traced at the level of weak correlations, then in hypersthenics, on the contrary, rather strong correlations between the components of the respiratory act were revealed. The possibility of using the identified features of the organization of intrasystemic connections to predict the adaptive capabilities of students with different types of somatic constitution is considered. The lower, relative to normosthenics and hypersthenics, values of capacitance indicators and throughput of large bronchi in asthenics are compensated by a significant increase in the patency of respiratory bronchioles.

In sports practice, high motor activity is heavily demanding on the physique of a person and body composition – a factor which largely affects body’s functional capabilities. Many authors emphasize the urgent need for constant monitoring of the physiological development of the reproductive functions of the male body. This determined the purpose of the study: to conduct a comparative morphological analysis of somatometric and orchidometric parameters in young men living in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and their sports activity.

We have established statistically significant intergroup differences between young men not engaged in sports and engaged in sports: there were higher indicators of body weight, body mass index, higher phase angle indicators, rates of lean body mass (LBM), active cell mass (ACM), %ACM, and ejection fraction (EF) yet the latitudinal dimensions of the body are inferior to those of young men not engaged in sports. In addition, in this group, there were marked differences between the minimum and maximum values of weight, height and body mass index. This indicates a more intense metabolism and the level of metabolic processes of basal metabolic rate (BMR) and mass-specific basal metabolic rate (mass-specific BMR) in young men involved in sports.

A comparative analysis showed that the volume of the left testicle in non-athletes is greater than that of athletes, while the right testicle is the opposite.

All orchidometric parameters of the studied groups had statistically significant bilateral differences with their right-sided predominance. The results of the study can become an information basis for the consultative and diagnostic practice of sports medicine doctors, exercise therapy. These results can also help trainers dealing with practical issues of clinical, instrumjental, and laboratory monitoring of the current state of athletes and working on methods of maintaining and improving sports performance.

The article describes cases of primary tumor of the adrenal cortex and adrenocortical cancer in two children. In one case, the tumor turned out to be hormone-active, with increased cortisol secretion with the development of Icengo-Cushing syndrome. In the first case, stage II of the tumor process was established, in the second – stage IV. The children received combined treatment, surgery and chemotherapy. In the first patient, the treatment was successful, the child is in remission for 4 years, in the second case, the outcome is fatal, due to the progression of the malignant process.

The article presents a clinical case of pulmonary embolism associated with thrombosis of the veins of the lower extremities. The disease remained unrecognized at the onset due to the absence of hemodynamic instability and was diagnosed only in the subacute period. Within two weeks of the suspected episode of thromboembolism, the patient developed symptoms of peripheral venous thrombosis, right ventricular heart failure, post-embolic pulmonary hypertension, and severe respiratory failure.

The article presents a clinical case of multisystem inflammatory syndrome as a relsult of a new coronavirus infection in a 7 months old child. The clinical picture is similar to Kawasaki syndrome.

This article describes a clinical case of severe thyrotoxicosis on the background of diffuse toxic goiter in a 12-year-old child. Non-systematic intake of thyrostatic drugs led to the development of severe thyrotoxicosis.