The study is devoted to a comparative analysis of the results of the provision of thiamine to the body of athletes - freestyle wrestlers training in the North at the age of 18 to 29 years.

The analysis of the data obtained showed the dependence of the level of vitamin B1 on the season of the year: adequate provision of the body with thiamine was noted in the autumn period of the year for all the studied athletes, the most non-optimal - in the spring season for 55% of the wrestlers. When analyzing the actual nutrition, it was revealed that the reason for the non-optimal provision of the body of athletes with a vitamin is its insufficient intake with food.

The increase in the content of vitamins in the body of athletes should be ensured not only by foods rich in thiamine, but also by the intake of proven vitamin complexes, as well as dietary supplements, in which the ratio of vitamins is optimal. Correction in order to prevent hypovitaminosis B1 in the body of wrestlers in the spring by taking a vitamin drink in the winter increased its level to 20%.

The aim of this study is the identification of interaction of oestradiol and vasoactive endothelial factors in women with polymorphism T-786C of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene during follicular and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Sample size was 116 women with average age 19,6 years (95% CI 18,4 – 22,4), being born and living in the circumpolar region. Genotyping of T-786C polymorphism of eNOS gene was performed by pyrosequencing. The peripheral vascular tone was evaluated by tetrapolar reography. Concentration of nitric oxide (NO) was measured by Griss reaction. The level of oestradiol and endothelin-1 (ET-1) was measured by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Index ratio vasodilator to vasoconstrictor was calculated (NO/ET-1). «SPSS statistics» (StatSoft, USA) was used for statistical analyses. Our study found that the frequency of T allele was 0,67, C allele – 0,33 and C/C genotype was the rarest. The highest concentration of NO was found in women with C/C genotype during follicular phase. The concentration of NO in luteal phase in women with different genotypes of eNOS gene was similar. The level of ET-1 in women with T/T and C/T genotypes was normal during follicular and luteal phase, but in women with C/C genotype the level of ET-1 was above the normal reference range during follicular and luteal phase. The study of peripheral vascular tone found that C/C genotype was correlated with higher level of index of peripheral resistance (IPR) during follicular phase after dosed physical test, higher level of IPR was before and after dosed physical testduring luteal phase. The concentration of oestradiol in women with T/T and C/T genotypes was higher during luteal phase, in women with C/C genotype the level of oestradiol was higher in follicular phase. Correlation analysis between oestradiol and NO determined the moderate correlation (r=0,302; p=0,05) in C/T genotype, the strong positive association in C/C genotype during follicular phase (r=0,755, p=0,03) and luteal phase, and no association in T/T genotype. Thus, it was revealed that the presence of both mutant alleles C was correlated with imbalance of vasoactive factors (higher level of vasoconstrictors), leading to higher vascular peripheral tone. Also it was found that the association between oestradiol and NO manifested only in case of presence of mutant allele C of polymorphism T-786C gene of eNOS in genotype, that can approve protective function of oestradiol in relation to NO synthesis and can be confirmed by higher level of NO in women with C/C genotype during follicular phase of cycle.

Objective of the Study: to determine in different ethnic samples of pregnant women with anemia of various genesis the factors influencing on its development; perinatal outcomes in anemia of various genesis; features of the production of pro- and antioxidant blood factors.

Material and methods

A prospective cohort study of pregnant women with IDA and ACD was carried out in various ethnic samples. In the Republic of Dagestan, the sample with anemia consisted of 470 women: with IDA (n = 286) and ACD (n = 184). In the sample of pregnant women with anemia in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (n = 284) we also distinguished groups with IDA (n = 186) and ACD (n=98). The control group - 34 healthy pregnant women in the Dagestan population and 42 – in the Yakut one was introduced into the study to compare the indicators in the study of pro- and antioxidant factors.

Research methods included the assessment of a general blood test, serum iron (SI), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, total protein, pro- and antioxidant factors (erythrocyte and blood serum catalase, sulfhydryl groups (SH-groups), ceruloplasmin (CP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood serum), the level of IgG to parasitic infections.

Results

The study showed a variety of risk factors and conditions contributing to the development of anemia on the background of lower iron and lower hemoglobin concentration in various ethnic samples (ecological, biological and social biotopes). True ID was confirmed at low levels of ferritin (100.0%) and serum iron.

Inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs were twice as common in women with ACD than IDA (p <0.05).

Iron limiting participation for erythropoiesis in ACD was accompanied by an increase (85.6%) or normal serum ferritin level (14.4%), increase in the level of CRP (100,0%), lymphocytes (29.3%), monocytes (22.8%), blood sedimentation rate (ESR)(14.7%).

Pregnant women with true ID were characterized by a balanced increase in the level of pro- and antioxidant factors.

Iron metabolism violations in ACD were accompanied by a pronounced imbalance in the production of hydroperoxides and antioxidant protection factors.

The effect of excess lipid peroxidation products on the placenta in ACD in the Yakut population was accompanied by an evolutionarily accumulated level of endogenous antioxidants (blood plasma and erythrocyte catalase, sulfhydryl groups). A decrease in the compensatory mechanisms of the placenta of pregnant Dagestan women with ACD influenced the higher frequency of morphological and functional immaturity of newborns due to the moderate antioxidant potential.

Morphofunctional immaturity of newborns (MFI) in the group with ACD was detected one and a half times more often in the Dagestan population (p = 0.0005) than in the Yakut population (p = 0.04). Cerebral ischemia was more common among newborns from mothers with ACD – 1.8 times (p = 0.002) and 1.7 times (p = 0.04) than those with IDA in the sample of Dagestan and Yakut women, respectively.

Conclusion. It is shown necessity of correction of risk factors of anemia of different genesis at the preconception stage (replenishment of ID, essential micronutrients, treatment of infections and inflammatory diseases) to improve the hematological status of the mother and pregnancy outcomes.

The nature of placental dysfunction in anaemia of pregnant women is explained by the degree of severity of oxidative stress and the activity of compensatory-adaptive mechanisms. Iron metabolism violation in ACD is accompanied by excessive production of hydroperoxides, a certain decrease in the antioxidant potential in the Dagestan population in comparison with the Yakut population.

Anemia in the population of the Far North proceeds on the background of evolutionary adaptive and homeostatic physiological characteristics of the organism. The increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (low birth weight, cerebral ischemia) was more common in women with ACD.

The increased prevalence of iodine deficiency diseases, such as thyroid pathology, is an extremely urgent problem for Russia. Huge part of the country's territory, including the Extreme North regions, is situated in the iodine deficiency zone. Iodine deficiency diseases of the thyroid gland are widespread among prepubescent children living in this area. Polymorphism of thyroid hormone transporter genes, including the organic anion transporter 1B1 protein OATP1B1 gene is associated with changes in their functional activity. It causes the thyroid pathologies development in children living in the conditions of iodine deficiency in the Far North. The aim of the work is to study the polymorphism of the organic anion transporter protein 1B1 OATP1B1 rs2306283 gene associated with the changes of endocrine regulation in living in the Far North children with thyroid diseases. Materials and methods. A clinical and laboratory examination of children living in conditions of iodine deficiency in the Far North was conducted. The observation group consists of 52 children with thyroid diseases (congenital iodine deficiency syndrome, hypothyroidism, thyroid disease, endemic goiter). The comparison group includes 54 children without pathologies of the endocrine system. The iodine content in urine was determined by a unified method using spectrophotometry. The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level was determined by enzyme immunoassay. The SNP of the OATP1B1 gene (rs2306283) was identified using the real-time PCR technique. Results. The results of the clinical and laboratory biological media analysis in the examined children demonstrate a reduced iodine content in the urine of children with thyroid pathology relative to the comparison group and the reference level (p<0.05). At the same time, the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone exceeds similar values in the comparison group (p<0.05). Polymorphism of the organic anion transporter 1B1 protein OATP1B1 (rs2306283) gene in children with thyroid diseases is characterized by the increased C-allele frequency relative to the comparison group (OR=1.79 (CI: 1.03-3.09); р<0.05). It may be associated with thyroid hormone transport inhibition. Conclusion. Thus, the endocrine profile of children with established thyroid pathology living in conditions of iodine deficiency in the Far North is characterized by an imbalance of the pituitary-thyroid system according to the criterion of an increase in TSH content against the background of a decrease in iodine content in urine (p<0.05), which indicates a decrease in the functional activity of the thyroid gland. The established increased C-allele frequency of the OATP1B1 gene (rs2306283) indicates the formation of pathogenetic trends in the transport of thyroid hormones in the presence of thyroid diseases in conditions of natural iodine deficiency. Genotyping of the OATP1B1 gene (rs2306283) polymorphic markers associated with excessive TSH levels against the background of iodine deficiency in biological media can be used for prevention, early diagnosis and personal therapy of thyroid diseases in the population of iodine-deficient territories.

The aim of the study is to establish the features of the course of infection of viral etiology with neutropenia. Study included analysis of immunological parameters of 628 people with a viral infection and 359 practically healthy people aged 31-51 years living in Arkhangelsk. It was found that the course of infection of viral etiology against the background of neutropenia is accompanied by a more significant decrease in the percentage of active phagocytes and an increase in the concentration of circulating immune complexes, which occurs against the background of a low content of properdin, which is a risk of a chronic course of the disease. The deficiency of the phagocytic activity of neutrophils in neutropenia is due to the insufficiency of the main chemotaxis factor C5a, which is a product of the enzymatic cleavage of C5. An increase in the content of autoantibodies, which is characteristic of viral pathology, speaks in favor of a more significant level of cytolytic and secretory function of neutrophils in neutropenia.

The effect of dihydrobromide-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-9-diethylamino-ethylimidazo-[1,2-a] benzimidazole on the growth and metastasis of transplanted allografts of melanoma B16 and epidermoid lung carcinoma Lewis with intraperitoneal administration was investigated. The antitumor effect was established in relation to primary epidermoid lung carcinoma by Lewis and its metastases to the lungs, as well as in relation to metastatic lung damage for melanoma B16 mice.

The aim: to assess the level of steroid hormones in the Yakut freestyle wrestlers in the pre-competitive and recovery period in the spring season. The levels of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and cortisol in the blood serum of highly qualified athletes and university students who go in for physical education at least 2 times a week were studied. The lower testosterone content in wrestlers revealed before the competition indicates the intensity of training loads and psycho-emotional stress. A slight increase in testosterone levels after 7-10 days and its excess of the basal level after 30 days after the competition indicates the adequacy of recovery. The level of cortisol is characterized by a significantly lower content before the competition, and a continuing decrease after the competition in the second period (p=0.027; p=0.003) than in the control group. A similar character of changes in the level is also observed in relation to DHEAS. Levels of all steroid hormones 30 days after the competition, exceeding their pre-competition levels, indicates adaptation to stress and shows the recovery of the body. The growth of the T/K index in athletes 7-10 years after the competition indicates the beginning of recovery processes in the body. A higher level of testosterone, cortisol and DHEAS (p = 0.003) - the hormone of the precursor of these hormones one month after the competition indicates a moderate activation of the pituitary-adrenal system to balance the processes of anabolism and catabolism.

The study of the gender characteristics of the thyroid gland functional activity take on particular significance in light of the increasing frequency of detecting various thyroid dysfunctions, especially in the Northern regions. Aim: to carry out a comparative analysis of the thyroid profile due to sex, taking into account the population groups of the North. Materials and methods. We examined 338 people born and living or wandering near the villages in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The examined persons were divided by gender (men, women), age (21-44; 45-59 years) by gender and, population group (nomadic aborigines, sedentary aborigines, local Caucasoid population). The serum levels of thyroid hormones were determined by the method of enzyme immunoassay. Results and discussion. Analysis of sex differences in thyroid status by age groups showed a higher thyrotropin level in women of different age groups (p = 0.049; p = 0.048) compared with men (1.94 and 2.08 μIU/L and 1.60 and 1,81 μIU/L, respectively). In addition, in the age group 21-44 years, there was an increase in thyroxine level (107.31 and 97.70 nmol/L, p <0.001) and a decrease in the content of free triiodothyronine in women (4.79 and 5.36 pmol/L, p = 0.002) compared to men. There were shown a higher content of thyrotropin and thyroxine in the female aboriginal population compared with the male population. A higher level of thyroxine in women may be due to its reserve functions in relation to free fractions of iodothyronines, which play an important role in the reproductive health of women. The lower content of free fractions of triiodothyronine and thyroxine was shown in women belonging to the local Caucasoid population compared with men. Free fractions of thyroxine were lower in women - sedentary aborigines in relation to men of this group. The higher content of free fractions of iodothyronines in men may be due to longer-term effects from cold temperatures when working outdoors. Conclusion. Consequently, gender differences in the content of thyroid hormones among the local Caucasoid population are in the content of free fractions of iodothyronines, while the indigenous population has differences in the content of thyrotropin and total fractions of thyroxine. The sedentary aboriginal population, in addition to its own distinctive features characteristic, acquires the characteristics of the Caucasoid population with distinctive gender characteristics according to the free fractions of iodothyronines.

A prospective analysis of diagnosis and treatment of the elderly and senile patients with acute cholecystitis complicated by choledocholithiasis and mechanical jaundice is carried out. Ultrasound scan, multispiral computed tomography, MRI and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaography were used in complex diagnosis. The tactics of a double step-by-step approach in surgical treatment of these patients was performed, the first stage required minimally invasive methods of decompression of bile ducts, including endoscopic. The second stage was preferably carried out by minimally invasive surgical operation. The duration of pre-operative preparation and choice of the method of the operation depended on the morphology of acute cholecystitis and degree of the patient’s physical condition. Due to the double step-by-step stage approach of the surgical tactics in such patients the level of postoperative complications decreased up to 9.1% and postoperative lethality reduced up to 6.8%.

The aim of the study was to search for approaches to physical rehabilitation of patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) using kinesitherapy. Gradual activation of motor activity is the main condition for improving the psychological and physical health of patients with SCA1. In our article, physical rehabilitation is specially directed use of physical exercise as a means of treating a disease and improving body functions that are disrupted or lost due to SCA1's neurodegenerative processes.

Introduction. Congenital malformations of the urinary system occupy a leading place in the progression of children chronic kidney disease. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to monitor the abnormalities of children kidney defects and to determine the tactics of managing patients with obstructive malformations in a polyclinic. Materials and methods. We analyzed the data of 126 children medical records for the period from 2014 to 2020, in whom ultrasound changes in the kidneys and urinary tract was detected in the first month of life. Obstructive variants of renal defects was recorded in 102 (80.95 ± 3.50 %) children. Depending on the presence of urinary syndrome. Children with obstructive defects were ranked into two groups: Cohort I included 30 (29.41 ± 4.51%) children with kidney anomalies in whom a urinary tract infection was registered, and Cohort II included 72 (70.59 ± 4.51 %) a child with kidney abnormalities without changes in urine tests. Results. Pyelectasias prevail in the structure of kidney anomalies in infants – in 65.08 ± 4.25% of cases, which disappear spontaneously in 68.63 ± 4.59 %. The negative echographic dynamics of defects was significantly more often recorded in children with the addition of urinary tract infections (χ2 = 5.47, with p = 0.01). For children with obstructive variants of kidney anomalies, early accession of urinary tract infection is characteristic – at 6 months with a frequency of exacerbation 2 times a year. Conclusions. If pyeloectasia is detected at the age of 1 month, it is necessary to conduct a sonographic study in dynamics at 3 and 12 months, and at 6 months – to prescribe a general urinalysis and bacteriological examination of urine

The article discusses the data of an original study on development of a clinical scale for neurological deficits severity assessing in children with arterial ischemic strokes (AIS) under the age of 2 years old (SANDYc). The relevance of SANDYc development is caused by inability to use pedNIHSS scale in children under 2 years of age and limitations of the PSOM using in the acute and subacute IS stages in young children. The study presents clinical features of IS course in 31 children aged up to 2 years old, being treated at children's clinical hospital N5 named after N.F. Filatova from 2005 to 2021. The statistical analysis data are presented, showing statistically significant correlations between the assessment results according to SANDYc and the values obtained according to the PSOM and BMRC scales. Additionally, statistical analysis demonstrated correlation between allelic variants A / C and C / C of the MTHFR A1298C gene (p = 0.044) in the examined children and milder clinical course of AIS as assessed by SANDYc.

In order to determine the optimal diagnostic tactics in patients with extra-organ cysts of the retroperitoneal space, the results of examination of patients who received treatment at the Tver Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary in 2013 - 2020 were analyzed. The informative value of a set of diagnostic methods was assessed according to the following criteria: determination of the type of cystic formation and identification of complications. It was found that the optimal set of diagnostic methods: ultrasound, CT and / or MRI of the abdominal cavity, small pelvis and retroperitoneal space, diagnostic cyst puncture under ultrasound control followed by cytological examination, excretory urography

The aim of the study was a retrospective analysis of the choice of surgical treatment tactics and the results of CPP treatment in a multidisciplinary urgent surgical hospital. Material and methods. The study is based on a retrospective analysis of the results of complex treatment of 253 patients with CPP who were treated in the emergency surgical departments of the Republican Hospital №2 - Emergency Medical Aid Center (RH№ 2-CEMA) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the period from 2015 to 2022. Results. In the clinic under consideration, the CPP tactic was most often used for CPP – 47,4%, while the share of ROD accounted for at least 27,7%, which is largely due to the profile of the clinic (Center for Emergency Medical Aid of the third level), but already at 31,4 In% of cases, after ROD, the transition to RAP was carried out, which led to a low mortality rate even with HS and SS – 16,7%. Moreover, in more than 91,7% of cases with CPP, as a rule, no more than two or three sanitizing relaparotomy were performed. The widespread introduction into surgical treatment practice of integral scales for assessing the severity of the general condition and the nature of damage to the abdominal organs ‒ APACHE II, SOFA, MIP and ACI made it possible to more objectively assess the clinical situation and choose surgical treatment tactics. Conclusion. The results of the clinical study presented by us allow us to conclude that the use on an ongoing basis of the currently existing systems for assessing the severity of the condition and the nature of damage to the abdominal organs, along with intensive therapy, can reduce the level of postoperative mortality to 20-30% even with the development of HS.

We have studied a personalized approach determining the depth of needle immersion during mandibular anesthesia. For this, new devices developed by the authors were used for measuring the ramus width for mandibular anesthesia, as well as a special table determining the individual depth of needle immersion.

The personalized approach to determining the depth of needle immersion has significantly changed the technology of performing classical mandibular anesthesia and improves the efficiency and safety of anesthesia.

A scientifically based nutrition education programme has been developed covering nutrition peculiarities for people living on territories with extreme natural and climatic conditions. Adequate and balanced diet that takes aforementioned peculiarities into account makes a significant contribution to preserving health of both indigenous people and newcomers. Systemic informing and teaching provided for people regarding principles of healthy diet seems a promising trend in activities implemented within the ‘Demography” National project.

The article presents the results of the multidimensional factor analysis, with the help of which the leading factors influencing epidemic processes of tick-borne viral encephalitis and Siberian tick-borne typhus in the territories of Altai Krai with combined foci of these natural focal infections in the period from 2000 to 2019 were determined. The relationships between individual predictors have been established, allowing them to make a significant contribution to the formation of the incidence rate as a single factor. The degree of influence of each of the leading factors on the morbidity level according to these nosologies in the studied territories was identified. The results of multiple and dual regression are presented carried out for the purpose of estimating the perspective value of the analyzed controlled factors necessary for the subsequent optimization of the planning system for the measures of epidemiological control of morbidity of tick-borne viral encephalitis and Siberian tick-borne typhus in the studied territory, which will also allow to form a planned trend of morbidity dynamics towards a decrease in its indicators.

The article analyzes the government statistics data on mortality of able-bodied population in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the period from 1995 to 2020, together with the structure of the main causes of death in this category. The dynamics of changes in the mortality structure of urban and rural residents with gender division is studied, the impact of the new coronavirus infection on the work of the health care system in Yakutia is shown. Mortality rate of the population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) of working age decreased significantly during the study period, but the proportion of deaths in this group to the total number of deaths is still higher than the all-Russian figures. It is also shown that the mortality rate of men is 3.6 times higher than that of women. Since 2011, the mortality rate in rural areas has become significantly higher than that in urban areas, especially among the female population, which is largely determined by the reduction of bed capacity. The trend towards reducing the number of inpatient beds is certainly typical not only for Russia, but also for most European countries, but the negative consequences of this are largely offset by the opening of prevention and rehabilitation centers locally, where progressive treatment technologies are used. But this approach does not take into account the main regional peculiarities of Yakutia - its extensive territory and low population density. The problem is also exacerbated by environmental conditions, the negligent attitude of many citizens to their health and unfavorable socio-economic factors, especially pronounced in rural areas. But it must be recognized that in recent years the republic has carried out significant work to improve its healthcare system, including through the construction of new medical facilities, large-scale preventive work and the introduction of "Zemskiy Doctor" and "Zemskiy Feldsher" programs, thanks to which qualified personnel are sent to the remote corners of the republic to work. However, receiving quality and prompt medical care is still difficult for remote rural settlements.

Risk factors were determined and a prognostic model of adverse perinatal outcomes was constructed in a sample of pregnant women with extragenital diseases (EGD) (anemia, chronic pyelonephritis, chronic arterial hypertension) by logistic regression. The search for prognostic criteria is optimal in the comprehensive examination of pregnant women with EGD (assessment of microbiome, immune status, utero-fetal-placental blood flow and placental pathomorphology).

The morphology of the placenta reflects the fullness of embryo- and fetogenesis of women with EGD, mediated by the resources of the mother's body, optimal in the dogestational recovery and prevention of placental insufficiency in the early gestation. Prediction of the risks of perinatal outcomes and morbidity in pregnant women with EGD – anemia, CP and CAG is realizable using logistic regression model resources.

Introduction. The involvement of many systems and levels of regulation in the processes of fertilization and gestation makes one pay attention to the changes occurring at all its levels.

Aim: to study and analyze changes in the indices of general and local immunity in women of reproductive age for the pathogenetic substantiation of therapeutic measures for reproductive disorders.

Materials and methods. The study included 50 patients with and reproductive disorders. Thirty-one healthy women with preserved fertility entered the control group included. All respondents underwent a questionnaire survey; general clinical, gynecological and laboratory-instrumental examination was carried out. The study followed the ethical principles and was approved by the local Committee on Biomedical Ethics. Statistical processing of the data obtained was performed using the StatSoft Statistica 6.1 (USA).

Results. Evaluation of indicators of cellular and humoral links of immunity showed a significant increase in the concentration of CD3 + (T-lymphocytes), CD3 + CD8 + / CD45 + (T-suppressors), phagocytic activity of neutrophils, NST -test sp., Ig M, and an increase in the studied pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In the endometrium, with persistence of an infectious agent, a significantly high concentration of IL-8 and a decrease in IL-1 (β) were revealed.

Conclusions. The presence of the pathogen in the endometrium is characterized by a significant activity of the pro – inflammatory cytokine IL-8 and a decrease in IL-1(β). A decrease in progesterone, cortisol, NST sp., an increase in CD3 + CD8 + / CD45 +, IL-6, IL-8 can be attributed to the markers of reproductive disorders.

The relationship of lipid peroxidation with sleep disturbance, anxiety and depression in Yakutsk residents who recovered from COVID-19 was studied. It has been established that oxidative stress in COVID-19 due to an increase in the level of ROS in the body can lead to hypoxia and psycho-emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression.

The article presents the results of retrospective analysis of the clinical histories of children hospitalized from March 23, 2020 to December 27, 2020 in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) ‘Children's Infectious Clinical Hospital’ with the diagnosis ‘Coronavirus infection caused by COVID-19’ (ICD-10 code U07.1, U07.2). The features of the clinical course of a new coronavirus infection in 358 children were described. Accumulation of epidemiological and clinical data will make it possible to find ways to prevent and treat the new infection, taking into account regional and population characteristics.

A study was conducted on 161 citizens of Yakutsk who had a new coronavirus infection in the period from March to December 2020. A high incidence of arterial hypertension, obesity, and lipid-metabolic disorders was revealed. The relationship of lipids, glucose and uric acid in blood serum, arterial hypertension, waist circumference with the severity of the new coronavirus infection was shown. The high prevalence of cardiovascular pathology and its risk factors among study participants requires long-term follow-up of patients with post-COVID syndrome, which prevents premature death from diseases of the circulatory system.

The study examined working-age population of the North region to determine 25 (OH) vitamin D concentrations and compared insufficient subjects (Group 1) with those having the proper/optimal vitamin D concentration (Group 2) in terms of main indicators of physical development, cardiovascular system, biochemical and trace element picture.

Material and Methods: fifty-five men of working age (mean age was 37.4±0.5 yr.) all Caucasians residing in the territory of Magadan region participated in the research. We used photometric, immunochemiluminescent and spectrometric methods of investigation, as well as standard cardiovascular and anthropometric measurements. Study Results: 42% (Group 1) tested low for vitamin D while 58% (Group 2) had the proper vitamin amounts. Group 1 was up to 78% made up of high body mass index men versus 40% of subjects exceeding standard range of this index in Group 2. Cardiovascular system and circulation values tended to be increasingly stressed and high thyroid-stimulating hormone indicated the development of preclinical hypothyroid pathology with Group 1 examinees. They were more atherogenic in lipid pictures in comparison with Group 2 northerners who showed a shift towards healthier lipid profiles. Moreover, vitamin D deficient subjects proved to also lack vitamin B12 and were low in trace elements.

Conclusion: Subjective vitamin D deficits develop disorders in physical development, cardiovascular system, as well as biochemical and trace element profiles. Our study can be applied for making recommendations on correcting vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in residents of Russia’s northeast.

A critical condition is a complex of changes that require replacement of the functions of vital organs and systems to prevent death. The set of reactions can be considered as a gradual development of physiological and pathological reactivity. The most important role in the formation of reactivity in critical conditions is played by the neuroendocrine and neuroimmune systems. The concept of the neuroendocrine system includes connections between the endocrine and central nervous systems and their relationship in the control of homeostasis. Stimulation of the immune system to a complex neuroimmunoendocrine interaction in order to avoid development of a critical condition. Cytokines and afferent pathways of the vagus nerve activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, as a result of which the increased secretion of glucocorticoids suppresses the activity of the immune system. The main action of thyroid hormones is manifested at the genomic level by stimulating the synthesis of many structural proteins of the body and suppressing the expression of neuronal NOS. The sympathetic link of the autonomic nervous system leads to a decrease in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while the synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines does not change. In turn, glucocorticoids have a powerful anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the transcription of cytokines by suppressing the nuclear factor "kappa-bi" - a universal transcription factor that controls the expression of genes for the immune response, apoptosis and the cell cycle. At the same time, in critical conditions, a high level of cortisol is observed against the background of a suppressed level of ACTH. This fact is explained by glucocorticoid resistance.

The relationship between the immune system and the central nervous system when exposed to stressors leads to stereotyped responses that include autonomic, endocrine and behavioral components. But despite the extremely important role of neuroendocrine factors in the implementation of critical conditions, their significance, as well as indications and measures of influence on them, have not yet been studied in detail. Further study and the concept of endocrinopathies of critical conditions in the future will be the basis for assessing the endocrine status in order to resolve the issue of the need for substitution therapy.

Over the past few decades, thyroid hormones have been studied thoroughly for their relevance to male reproductive health. Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism affect testicular function and neuroendocrine regulation of reproductive functions, which can lead to decreased testosterone levels and poor sperm quality and compromise male fertility. Understanding these processes is more relevant than ever in view of the continuing decline in sperm count and quality that has been observed in humans over the past decades. The literature review presents a brief concept of the regulation of male reproductive function by thyroid hormones and a possible mechanism by which thyroid dysfunction affects testicular function.

The review presents the analysis of the literature on genetic studies devoted to candidate genes for peptic ulcer disease. All the materials of these publications can be combined into two large groups: studies devoted to investigation of peptic ulcer inducer genes and studies devoted to protective genes. The main groups of ulcer inducer genes (ABO, HLA, PSCA, IL-1B, IL1RN, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα, TGF-b1, B1,2,3, CYP2C19, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, Toll,TLR4TLR9, MIF, MPO) and protectors (IL-1, IL-1RN, TNF, LTA, IL-1b, MMP-3) were identified, but most of the results obtained to date are inconsistent, poorly reproduced in ethnically diverse populations, which makes it relevant to study this problem among different groups living in the Russian Federation.

A review of the literature of foreign and Russian studies on the course of a new coronavirus infection in children (SARS-CoV-2) is presented. The studies conducted over the past two years have shown a difference in the course of COVID -19 in children. The clinical picture of coronavirus infection in children is very diverse: from symptoms of a respiratory infection to multisystem inflammatory syndrome. It has been established that among children there is lower frequency of severe course of coronavirus infection. For complete understanding of features and treatment of the new coronavirus infection, large-scale epidemiological studies are required.

The article discusses scientific data on impaired transport of ions and fluids in the lungs with COVID-19. The authors of the study believe that inhibition of TRPV4 has important therapeutic benefits in COVID-19 patients in particular, powerful prospects for the protection of the alveolar-capillary barrier and even for the regeneration of a damaged barrier. A phase I of the clinical trial using a selective TRPV4 inhibitor demonstrated a favorable safety profile in healthy control volunteers and in patients with cardiogenic pulmonary edema. The protection of the alveolar-capillary barrier with a selective TRPV4 inhibitor would also be useful in eliminating possible pulmonary fibrosis as a late consequence of COVID-19.

Introduction. Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis combine signs of a systemic inflammatory process with damage not only in the skin, but also in other organs and systems with the formation of severe forms of the disease, the so-called "psoriatic disease" and "atopic march". The question of the causal relationship between allergy and psoriatic disease and the peculiarities of the spectrum of sensitization to allergens in psoriasis is relevant, and its study can lead to the discovery of new triggers for the development and progression of pathology.

The purpose of the study: to analyze the spectrum of sensitization to pollen, household, fungal and epidermal allergens in patients with psoriasis in order to identify new triggers of psoriatic disease.

Materials and methods. Patients with psoriasis (Group 1, n=41) aged 18 to 66 years were examined. Patients with atopic dermatitis (Group 2, n=20) were examined as a comparison group. The control group consisted of practically healthy people matched by sex and age (group 3, n=19). Specific allergological examination included collection of an allergic history, determination of the spectrum of sensitization by analyzing the concentration of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and allergen-specific IgE to pollen, household, fungal and epidermal allergens by the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The calculation and analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the Statistica 8.0 software package.

Results and discussion. In a comparative analysis of the spectrum of sensitization to pollen allergens between groups of patients, it was noted that in atopic dermatitis, sensitization to pollen from trees, meadow grasses and weeds was statistically significantly more frequent in comparison with psoriasis. In the group of patients with psoriasis, monovalent sensitization was statistically significantly more frequent in comparison with the group of patients with atopic dermatitis, in which, on the contrary, polyvalent sensitization was more often determined.

Conclusion. The data obtained in the course of this study confirm the concept that atopic mechanisms are characteristic of psoriasis, but to a lesser extent than for atopic dermatitis and are protective against the development of autoimmune mechanisms, which is consistent with literature data. Consequently, further study of psoriasis and allergies from the standpoint of comorbidity should be carried out in the direction of investigating both atopic and non-atopic mechanisms of triggering allergic reactions involved in the immunopathogenesis of psoriatic disease.

Interictal epileptiform discharge rates (IED) were studied in slow-wave sleep phases (NREM) with recurrent tonic-clonic seizures with generalized onset (GTCS) in adults after withdrawal from antiepileptic drugs (AED) with the debut of idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) before the onset of adult age (group A). The control group consisted of IGE patients with non-drug-induced remission of GTCS for more than 5 years (group B). Patients who had presented information on myoclonic seizures in adolescence constituted group 1, patients with isolated GTCS - group of probable IGE GTCS (group 2). For the entire period of registration of the slow wave sleep phase, the absolute number and rates of IED per hour of recording were higher in patients with recurrent GTCS and myoclonic seizures in the illness history compared to other groups. In patients with recurrent GTCS and myoclonic seizures in the history of the disease, the persistent increase in IED rates per hour to the deep wave sleep phase was observed compared to the other group of patients with IGE. The evaluation of the IED rates in the slow wave sleep phase can be performed in patients with IGE for the prediction of recurrent GTCS and the solution of the question of withdrawal from the AED.

The aim of the work is to specify the mechanisms of transformation of the content to be memorized in the process of consolidation and reconsolidation in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Materials and methods. The study involved three patients with PD (disease duration no more than three years; second stage) without cognitive impairment with mixed (akinetic-rigid-tremor), akinetic-rigid and tremulous forms of the disease. When studying the processes of consolidation-reconsolidation of visual-figurative and semantic memory in PD patients, a symbolic image and a text from the epic of the Indians of Canada were proposed as a stimulating material for memorization. The study of the processes of consolidation-reconsolidation was carried out sequentially: direct reproduction after presentation, reproduction after 40 minutes, after 4 hours, after 36 hours.

Results. When extracting visual-shaped information already at the stage of copying (storing information), a tendency appears to transform the symbol into a specific image ("bird", "owl"), which increases from stage to stage. As a result, there are not only distortions of the reproduced information up to its complete loss, but also simplification. The number of image details decreases, the accuracy of their reproduction decreases, and new elements that are absent in the original image are drawn. When the semantic content was reproduced immediately after presentation, the content loss was 25-27%. When playing text content after 40 minutes, the loss of semantic units was 50-52%. After 4 hours, the patients were able to reproduce 22-25% of the semantic content of the heard text. Revealed the suppression of verbal information in PD.

Conclusion. The presence of neurodegenerative changes due to a pathological process in PD significantly changes the quality (volume and accuracy) of the information retrieved or leads to its complete loss. In patients, regardless of the form of the disease (trembling, akinetic-rigid or mixed), a significantly smaller amount of information (both auditory-verbal and visual-shaped) is consolidated. This tendency is correlated with a pronounced distortion in the process of information extraction.