The aim of the study was to identify the effect of the rs6265 polymorphism of the BDNF gene on the level of cerebral neurotrophic factor in the serum of patients with VD. It was found that in the group of patients with VD, the highest level of neurotrophic factor was recorded in persons with the G/G genotype, the lowest protein content was detected in carriers of the G/A and A/A genotypes. Carrying the A-allele was found to be associated with lower protein concentrations and reduce the risk of hyperproduction by having a protective effect (dominant model). Each copy of a rare allele reduces the risk of increasing neurotrophin concentration (log-additive model).

A retrospective analysis of the medical records of women who gave birth at full term in a second-level obstetric hospital was carried out in order to study the characteristics of maternal preconception prognostic factors of fetal distress and the outcome of childbirth with intrapartum fetal hypoxia (IHF, distress). Postpartum women of group 2 (with IGP) were younger than women of group 1 (28.22±5.56 years and 30.25±4.94 years, respectively, p = 0,01). In the obstetric and gynecological history of patients in group 2, primiparous women were more often noted (61%) with a large number of previous pregnancies (2.59). Gynecological pathology in the anamnesis was 2.4 times more likely to be detected in patients of group 2 with a significant predominance in the structure of inflammatory diseases of the cervix, uterine fibroids, endometrial polyp, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Myopia from childhood is 2.24 times more likely to be established as a concomitant diagnosis in group 2 postpartum women. In the main group, there were significantly more nicotine-dependent pregnant women (7.78%). Our data are consistent with domestic and foreign studies and indicate that further systematic study of maternal prognostic factors of fetal distress during childbirth is necessary to develop preventive pregravid programs.

The article describes the stages of early detection of uterine body cancer in patients with morbid obesity. It has been proven that genetic testing for oncogenic mutations of endocervical canal scrapings with a negative cytological conclusion regarding cervical cancer is effective for subsequent screening of uterine body cancer. In morbid obesity, the diagnostic sensitivity of mutation screening for uterine body cancer increases when examining endocervical canal scrapings. When oncogenic mutations are detected in samples from the endocervical canal, the next step is recommended to conduct a cytological examination of endometrial biopsies with sampling using brush technology.

For the first time in a Russian cohort of children, the association between the type and localization of the FBN1 gene mutation and the severity of clinical manifestations was demonstrated: LoF mutations lead to greater damage to the cardiovascular and skeletal systems; missense mutations lead to greater damage to the eyes. Mutations in exons 1-10 lead to the earliest onset of skeletal changes (foot and chest deformities), mutations in exons 11-20 - to the earliest appearance of lens ectopia, with less severe dolichostenomelia and less frequent formation of aortic dilatation. Mutations in exons 21-35 are accompanied by the earliest manifestation of spinal deformity. Mutations in exons 51-66 less often lead to lens ectopia.

The study was conducted on women aged 18-45 years old with uterine fibroids and impaired reproductive function. In patients with uterine fibroids, menarche began at an earlier age and abnormal uterine bleeding was more often observed, causing posthemorrhagic anemia. Reproductive function disorders were caused by infertility and miscarriages. Indicators of S/D, RI, PI of the uterine artery in the presence of fibroids were lower than in the group of healthy women. Primary infertility predominated in the group of patients with isolated myoma, and in the group of women with myomatous nodes in association with benign diseases of the uterus secondary infertility prevailed. Thus, timely assessment of clinical symptoms and early diagnosis of uterine myoma are important for pathological treatment to improve the quality of life of women and restore reproductive function.

The assessment of metabolic parameters in students engaged in boxing at the training stage was carried out. According to the results of the study, normal functional parameters of the body, BMI, and satisfactory AP were established. According to biochemical parameters, the group of athletes showed an excess of the range of normal values of CK, HDL, a decrease in LDL and the de Ritis coefficient (CDR), in the beginner group – an increase in CDR and a decrease in VLDL. Significant differences between the groups were found in the values of TG, VLDL (p<0.005), HDL glucose and KA (p<0.05). The athletes showed metabolic indicators indicating formed adaptive and metabolic changes to training loads in comparison with the beginner group.

The use of induced hypothermia in clinical practice can lead to coagulopathy, increasing the risk of peri- and postoperative bleeding. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cooling the body to moderate hypothermia on the hemostatic system in rats. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), and prothrombin time (PT) were determined upon reaching a rectal temperature of 32°C and after prolonged two-hour hypothermia while maintaining the animal’s temperature at the same level. It was shown that cooling the animals to moderate hypothermia resulted in an increase in activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, and prothrombin time, indicating the development of hypocoagulation shifts and impairment of the secondary hemostasis. With prolonged hypothermic exposure, a decrease in APTT, TT, and PT parameters from the achieved values was observed, which probably indicates some suppression of coagulation reactions with prolonged exposure to moderate hypothermia. It is suggested that impaired thrombin generation may be a key factor in hypothermia-induced coagulopathy.

The study involved patients over the age of 62 years with acute diseases of the abdominal cavity, who underwent surgical treatment. The patients were divided into two groups based on the Edmonton fragility index. Complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo system. The immediate and long-term results of surgical treatment were evaluated. Complications in the immediate postoperative period of the 2nd and 3rd degrees of severity were significantly greater in patients with a high fragility index, and complications of the 1st degree were more common in patients without fragility. In the group with a high fragility index, unsatisfied long-term results were observed, including an increased risk of re-hospitalization and a decrease in functional status. Fragility assessment plays a key role in improving postoperative outcomes in elderly patients with acute abdominal diseases.

Inflammatory processes occurring in the pulp and periodontal tissues can cause both auto- and heterosensitization of the body, which in turn leads to a decrease in its immune defense. In order to determine the effectiveness of studying the level of cytokines in the diagnosis of endo-periodontal lesions, we compared clinical and immunological parameters in 82 patients with endo-periodontal lesions and 47 periodontally healthy individuals aged 23-54 years. As a result of the study, a correlation was found between the severity of inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues and the level of proinflammatory cytokines. Statistically significant differences were found in the concentration of TNF-α and IL-6 in the oral fluid of patients with EPL depending on the severity of periodontal damage, which emphasizes the role of these cytokines in the progression of the disease.

We studied the characteristics of dependence of the degree of atherosclerotic stenosis of carotid arteries on the level of expression of oxidative stress marker genes in patients with atherosclerosis and comorbid pathology. The association of decreasing the expression of antioxidant protection factors GSTP1, NRF2, HMOX1 with echoscopic features and increasing atherosclerotic stenosis of carotid arteries was identified; inverse correlation between HMOX1 gene expression and right internal carotid artery stenosis degree, between GSTP1 gene expression level and left internal carotid artery stenosis degree; direct correlation between the diameter of the right common carotid artery and the total cholesterol and low serum protein cholesterol levels. The knowledge gained can be used to develop a new medical technology for predicting the progression of atherosclerosis.

A comparative analysis of the location of occlusal landmarks on orthopantomograms and teleroentgenograms in normal and abnormal occlusion was performed, which has a high level of information content when planning orthopedic treatment in patients with defects of the dental arches and dental-alveolar occlusion anomalies. During the comparative analysis of orthopantomograms and teleroentgenograms, it was determined that the infradental-occlusal horizontal, as a rule, was parallel to the gnathic horizontal. The ratio of the alveolar-articular line (Cond-A) to the length of the segment intersected by the articular circle line on the teleroentgenogram was 1.50±0.09. On the OPG, when analyzing the linear parameters, it was noted that the ratio of the distance from the point "Cond" to the intersection with the aesthetic median vertical to the segment of the articular circle intersected by the line was 1.61 ± 0.1, which was close in value to the Fibonacci number. This circumstance allowed the use of the "golden section" principle when determining the radius of the circle in case of anomalies in the position of molars in the vertical direction. Comparative analysis of the location of occlusal landmarks on the orthopantomogram and teleroentgenogram in the norm and in case of bite pathology showed that both methods of X-ray examination can be used in the clinic of orthopedic dentistry in the diagnosis of dentoalveolar forms of occlusion anomalies and for choosing treatment methods for patients with defects of the dental arches that are not limited from the distal side of the arch. In addition, the intersection point of the occlusal lines and infradental-occlusal horizontals, which are located in the same way on both types of radiographs, attracts attention, which makes both methods of radiographic examination acceptable in the clinical practice of dental prosthetics.

A clinical and epidemiological study was conducted in groups with dysbiosis (n=504) and without dysbiosis (n=732) aged from 15 to 74 years. At the same time, the developed method for the treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis was used in 328 patients aged 35 to 48 years with concomitant gastrointestinal diseases and laboratory-established grade 2 dysbiosis of the large intestine. In the course of complex treatment to restore oral dysbiosis, a therapeutic paste was used locally with administration into the periodontal pocket based on synbiotic “Bifikin Forte” 20 billion CFU, oil solution of vitamin “A” and zinc oxide with subsequent fixation with protective dressing “Parasept”. In addition, oral administration of synbiotic “Bifikin Forte” 20 billion CFU was prescribed. Results. Application of synbiotic in complex treatment of chronic periodontitis promotes stimulation of growth of beneficial bacteria and reduction of pathogenic microflora in periodontal pocket with subsequent reduction of intensity of inflammatory process, edema and bleeding of periodontal tissues. The developed method causes the increase of clinical effectiveness of treatment of periodontal diseases characterized by inflammatory-destructive process of periodontal tissues, prevention of chronic foci of infection in the maxillofacial area.

This study is aimed to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of 2-(1,1-dimethyl-1H-benzo[e]indolin-2-yl)-5,6,7-trichloro-1,3-tropolone in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) in subcutaneous xenografts of U87 glioblastoma cells in Balb/c Nude mouse line. The findings revealed that combination therapy resulted in a greater reduction in tumor volume and relative tumor mass compared to TMZ monotherapy, with TGI rates of 70.27% versus 66.72%, respectively. Histological analysis confirmed marked cellular dystrophic changes in tumors subjected to combination therapy. These results suggest a potential synergistic interaction between tropolone and temozolomide, which may enhance the efficacy of glioblastoma treatment.

The aim of the work is to create a subcutaneous PDX model of uveal melanoma, which will be further used to create a uveal melanoma metastasis. In the course of the work, a collection of 3 heterotopic PDX models of uveal melanoma was created, which, upon histological examination, showed that the PDX models of uveal melanoma correspond to the donor tumors. According to the results of our work, the rates of successful engraftment of the first generation tumor were 37.5% (3/8). An assessment of the growth dynamics of the obtained PDX models was carried out as well. According to the results, the growth rate of the first generation xenografts obtained from patients was quite low. Doubling of the tumor volume occurred in 42 days.
To maintain the growth of the PDX model, tumors obtained from first generation mice were sequentially transplanted to the next group of mice. Our data show that the first generation models successfully engrafted in second generation mice. Moreover, the growth rate of the tumor node was considered to be higher than in the first generation.

The purpose of the research is to assess the main indicators of sleep patterns, taking into account gender, age and ethnicity in adolescents aged 12-18 in three large cities of Central Siberia: Krasnoyarsk (the studied ethnic group is Caucasians), Abakan (the studied ethnic groups is Khakass) and Kyzyl (the studied ethnic groups is Tuvans).
The findings show Siberia adolescents have disturbance in sleep patterns: staying up late and an insufficient duration of sleep compared to age norms, which requires preventive measures. Moreover, these sleep disturbances are more pronounced in Krasnoyarsk (among Caucasians), than in Abakan (among Khakassians) and Kyzyl (among Tuvinians). Gender and age differences were identified as well: established sleep disorders are more pronounced among girls compared to boys, and in the older age group (15-18 years) compared to the younger group (11-14 years). All this requires preventive measures to regulate sleep patterns in schoolchildren.

Evaluation of the role of the Ile105Val polymorphism of the GSTP1 gene (rs1695) in the processes of cell death regulation in the child population under conditions of bioexposure to aluminum was carried out. The level of aluminum contamination in the urine of children in the observation group exceeded similar indicators in the comparison group by 1.53 times (p=0.004). A change in the ratio of immune cell populations was observed (a decrease in CD3+- and CD4+-lymphocytes, p=0.000-0.010) against the background of a violation of the overall oxidant-antioxidant balance (p=0.004-0.042). We identified the proapoptotic effects of the glutathione system associated with the increased frequency of G allele of the GSTP1 gene (rs1695), with the balance sheet of regulatory proteins Bcl-2/Bax (decrease by 2.78 times, p<0.001) and an increase in the number of apoptotic Annexinv-FITC+7ADD--cells by 2.59 times (p=0.016). Based on the results of the study, a hypothesis on the role of GSTP1 was formulated as an expression product GSTP1 gene (rs1695), in the regulation of the processes of programmed cell death with an increased level of contamination of biological media with aluminum. Thus, the G allele (105Val) of the phase II detoxification gene of glutathione-S-transferase GSTP1 can be considered as a marker of sensitivity in the examined group and can form an increased risk of immune disorders (RR=2.03; 95%CI=1.03-3.99), including dysregulation of cell death processes, under conditions of bioexposure to aluminum.

This article presents the results of a study on the diagnosis of the combined infection "brucellosis + toxoplasmosis" among the population of Azerbaijan. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and characteristics of detection of dual infection "brucellosis + toxoplasmosis" among samples received by the Special Dangerous İnfections Control Center. The results of the conducted study may have great scientific and practical significance both for fundamental science and for clinical practice. The analysis of the results of studies of the Special Dangerous İnfections Control Center’s laboratory of blood samples received in 2019-2021 from 3208 patients with suspected brucellosis who sought medical treatment in the country was carried out. Serological and molecular testing was carried out by generally accepted methods in accordance with the rules in BSL2.

The structure of mortality among patients with the established diagnosis of dementia was evaluated and analyzed who seek medical help at the Yakut Republican Neuropsychiatric Dispensary for the period from 2019 to 2024. Totally 213 fatal cases were analyzed in patients with the diagnose F00 - F03. The average age of death in men diagnosed with dementia was 76.08 +8.73 years, and among women this indicator was 80.3+8.77 years. When analyzing the immediate cause of death in patients with dementia, cerebral edema was indicated in the first place (16.43%), other specified forms of pulmonary heart failure were diagnosed in the second place on the death certificate (15.96%), and acute respiratory failure was in the third place (15.49%). Among the initial causes of death, the most common cause of death was coronary heart disease (22.06%), pneumonia of various origins (15.9%) was in second place, and diagnoses that were included in the category of brain damage (encephalopathy) were most often in third place, which amounted to 15.03%. Among the initial causes of death among patients with dementia, it is extremely rare to be diagnosed with dementia (6.07%), which strongly affects mortality statistics.

The article presents an analysis of suicide cases in the Yakut Arctic from 2013 to 2023, which showed that the root cause of enormous suicide rate in the Arctic should be considered a socioeconomic factor rather than an ethnocultural one. Moreover, alcoholism, lack of employment and low level of education cause a crucial role.
The study of the suicide problem emphasizes the need to create a suidological register and introduce targeted suicide prevention programs, which will be an important step in improving the mental health of the population of Yakutia.

It has been established for the first time that the state of immune status in residents of the European North with a high dopamine content in peripheral venous blood has significant deviations in people with oncological pathology compared with practically healthy residents of the European North. The increase in the average content of the other parameters studied was insignificant. The frequency of elevated concentrations of other immunological parameters was established, which was significantly higher in patients with oncological pathology.

In order to study the radial scar as a mask of malignancy, a literature review was conducted. It was found that the difficulty in diagnosing the radial scar is due to its morphological similarity to a malignancy and associated intraductal epithelial proliferations. To exclude a malignancy and intraductal proliferations, immunohistochemical visualization of the intact myoepithelial cell layer is used, as well as cellular heterogeneity of intraductal proliferations using markers such as p63, basal cytokeratins, smooth muscle actin, basal cytokeratins, and estrogen receptor. It was found that in the case of a combination of a radial scar with atypia or other high-risk lesions of the mammary gland, the likelihood of its transformation into malignant lesions of the mammary gland increases.

This review focuses on modern advances in the use of 3D printing to create models, implants, and instruments that adapt to the individual anatomical characteristics of the patient. The benefits of 3D printing include improving the accuracy of surgical procedures and reducing operational risks through personalized solutions. At the same time, the review highlights key obstacles to the introduction of technology into clinical practice, such as high costs and the need for standardization of processes. Despite these challenges, 3D printing has significant potential to transform medical approaches and teaching methods, which opens up prospects for creating more effective and personalized therapeutic techniques in the field of orthopedics and traumatology.

 The article presents current data on the possibility of using capillaroscopy as a method of diagnostics of systemic diseases. Capillaroscopy can be widely used in pediatrics due to the following advantages: simplicity, non-invasiveness, relatively low cost, and possibility of repeated examination. 

The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of pathological emotional states and psychometric properties of the DASS 42 questionnaire in two groups of the population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): employees of ALROSA in Mirny and residents of two rural areas. The results of the study showed that women had higher scores on all scales of the DASS 42 questionnaire than men, and a higher frequency of anxiety and signs of stress. No statistically significant dependence of scale scores and the frequency of psychoemotional disorders on age and place of residence was found. The questionnaire showed reliability and construct validity, the absence of cross-cultural differences in the perception of test questions among different groups of the population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The results of the study of the psychometric characteristics of the DASS-42 questionnaire indicate the possibility of its use as a tool for screening depression, anxiety and stress among the population of Yakutia.

The effect of fatty liver disease (FLD) on hemostasis disorders in COVID-19 was studied. Hemostasis disorders were detected in 30% of COVID-19 deaths. FLD was more common (19%) in COVID-19 deaths with hemostasis disorders than in COVID-19 deaths without hemostasis disorders (12%), p = 0.019. Thus, the study results showed statistical significance of hemostasis pathology in the COVID-19 mortality structure. 

During the last two decades, the prevalence of acute rheumatic fever has  significantly decreased to isolated cases nationwide. In this article, a clinical case of rheumatic chorea, with choreic hyperkinesis syndrome, in a 13-year-old child  with cardiac involvement is described. Modern concepts of therapy of rheumatic chorea are presented. 

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a symptom complex caused by the absence of most of the small intestine with the development of maldigestion and malabsorption. The purpose of this scientific review was to describe clinical observation of a child with SBS. As a result of timely initiation of treatment, it was possible to stabilize the boy's condition and transfer him to enteral feeding with no synthetic analogue of glucagon-like peptide-2. 

A clinical case of feto-fetal transfusion syndrome in a newborn is presented. Feto-fetal transfusion syndrome (FFTS) is a severe complication of multiple monochoric pregnancy, which requires timely, correct diagnosis, diagnosis and subsequent fetoscopic laser coagulation of anastomoses to preserve pregnancy. The above clinical case of FFTS in a newborn child allows neonatologists and neonatal intensive care unit specialists to focus their attention on the features of the clinic, diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. The formation of FFTS in this case became possible due to a single placenta, which probably led to the development of transplacental vascular communications and circulatory imbalance between the intraplacental vascular beds of twin fetuses.