The authors submitted results of the macroscopic study of thyroid gland of native and non-native population of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). Absolute and relative differences in size and weight parameters of thyroid gland in men depending on ethnicity are established.

This paper presents the results of a study of glutathione in the patients with lung cancer. We obtained results showing the intensification of free radical oxidation of lipids and depletion of glutathione system in the organism of patients.

Results of overall dimensions, body mass index of 1638 women of the Sakha Republic (Yakut, caucasoids, been born and constantly living in Yakutia) are presented. Ethno-age features of dimensional indicators, body mass index, frequency of deviations of BMI from normal indicators (the insufficient mass of a body, surplus of weight of a body, obesity) in various ethnic and age groups of women of the Sakha Republic are revealed. The revealed age distinctions have the same character in both ethnic groups.

Frequency of HBV and HCV markers and biochemical profile of patients with type II diabetes (T2DM) were studied. There were examined 207 patients from different regions of Yakutia who were being consulted at Republican Endocrinology Hospital since January to May 2013 in Yakutsk. Among examined patients there is high contamination with hepatitis B (71,5 %), С (10,8%) or mixed viruses (7,5 %). The frequency of serological markers of viral hepatitis В and С among patients with T2DM is four times higher than among general population in the Republic. Combination of pathology (diabetes + Viral hepatitis) worsens liver and kidneys functions. Thus there can be considered that viral hepatitis is risk factor for diagnosing and progressing of diabetes.

To determine the influence of viral hepatitis B on pregnancy and childbirth, we studied individual records of pregnant women of the Prenatal clinic of Yakutsk Clinical Hospital No. 3 and childbirth records of Yakutsk Clinical Hospital from 2003 to 2011 with a diagnosis of “viral hepatitis”, at various stages of pregnancy. It was found that acute viral hepatitis B adversely affected the course and outcome of pregnancy, which is shown by an increased risk of threatened miscarriage, threatened preterm labor. Chronic viral hepatitis B in childbirth increases the frequency of preterm rupture of membranes, bleeding in the early postpartum period. Viral hepatitis B affects the fetoplacental complex, which is manifested in chronic hypoxia, intrauterine growth retardation, and the possibility of transmission of the virus from mother to fetus.

A prospective study of hemodynamic parameters and water balance in pregnant women with gestosis, to which in the Perinatal Center of the RH № 1 - the National Medical Center of Yakutsk in the period from 2010 to 2012 a cesarean section under spinal anesthesia was performed (SA).
Our studies have revealed that in the indicators of the central and peripheral hemodynamics after SA there are characteristic changes in the group of women with gestosis which must be considered. Thus, the measurement of hemodynamic parameters and water balance at the cesarean section in pregnant women with gestosis is a necessary component of surgery and anesthesia.

On a representative sample of Yakutsk residents we studied the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) according to different definitions of the elderly population, including long-livers. We revealed that the prevalence of MS according to different definitions in the Yakutsk residents aged 60 years and older widely varied. By all definitions the frequency of MS in the indigenous population in one and a half and two times lower than that of non-indigenous, and in men less frequently than in women.

Within the international project (determinants of cardiovascular diseases in Eastern Europe: a multicentre cohort study UKA) in 2002-2005 the study of the bronchial obstruction syndrome (BOS) prevalence in the open population of Novosibirsk was done. 6875 people (3226 men and 3649 women) of 3 age groups (45-54, 55-64 and 65-69) of Novosibirsk were under study. The results showed a fairly high prevalence of bronchial obstruction in a large industrial center of Western Siberia. In the total sample bronchial obstruction was detected in 19.48 % of the 6875 patients (45-54 years old - at 14.80 %, 55-64 years - at 20.85 %, 65-69 years - at 25.49 %). Among men the BOS was detected in 23.47 % of cases, among women - at 15.95%.

Quality of life of representative selection of students of 1 course SVFU is studied. It is revealed that the subjective opinion of a man effects on the QOL of students, his perception of the world, which vary in terms of hypokinesia, information overload, lack of time, mental stress.

This study presents data on the carrier frequency of IVS1+1G>A mutation in GJB2 gene, leading to an autosomal recessive form of deafness among various ethno-geographical groups of Yakut population and in a random sample. Extremely high carrier frequency of the splice site IVS1+1G>A mutation in GJB2 gene in the Yakut population is comparable to the carrier frequency of the sickle-cell anemia in Africa, what may indicate a possible selective advantage of carriers of this IVS1+1G>A mutation in a subarctic climate.

Currently there is a large number of classifications of intraoperative injury of the extrahepatic bile ducts (EHBD) and their complications. The proposed classification is based on different principles of EHBD damage display that leads to their complexity and multiplicity. This diversity leads to a divergence of opinion, complicates the production of a unified approach to the choice of therapeutic measures tactics. The authors proposed the classification that took into consideration aspect, level, complications of lesions and their quantity, character of operations.

The article deals with a comprehensive examination of newborns with the purpose to study the influence of caesarean section (CS) on the functional activity of the brain of “relatively healthy” full-term infants in the early neonatal period.
According to electroencephalography data we obtained significant differences between children born operatively and naturally.
Cerebral dysfunction in the full - term infants after CS is a result of the influence of pathological factors ante-and intranatal periods, the adverse effects of surgery and anesthesia, which creates a high risk of central nervous system pathology.

Examination and treatment of patients with pneumonia was conducted in pulmonary department of the military hospital in the period from 1998 to 2008: the study included 2000 patients with pneumonia, men, military, military service by conscription, aged 18 to 22 years (19, 2 ± 0,19).
It is shown that the proposed diagnostic algorithms for predicting the development of acute respiratory failure and pulmonary edema help practitioners, including at the stage of primary health care in the early stages of development to suspect the possibility of a patient with pneumonia potentially fatal complications, which allows to adjust treatment and diagnostic tactics more specifically address the issues of transportation patient, to determine the indications for hospitalization, including in the emergency department and intensive care.

The article deals with the influence of a use of glucocorticoids by patients with hyperandrogenism to dopplerographic indexes of a blood flow in uterine and spiral arteries during 13-14 week of a pregnancy. The article estimates the importance of this method for gestosis prediction. It is found out that compared with the comparisson group and the control group, the group of pregnant women, who took glucocorticoids, is characterized by significant growth of dopplerographic indexes of vascular resistance in uterine and spiral arteries system and by significant growth of such complication as gestosis.

The article presents results of scientific study of social and biological risk factors for perinatal pathology. We investigated families raising children with perinatal lesions of the central nervous system and gave medico-social characteristics of them. We highlighted issues of need to develop and implement health-organizational technologies to optimize the quality of care for pregnant women at risk, infants and children of the first three years of life, in order to reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality, prevention of disability in childhood

The results of pilot study provide preliminary data on the parameters of quality of life (QOL) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the Russian version of the eight scales of the general health questionnaire SF-36 in six age groups, male and female groups. In addition, these studies have taken into account a measure of variability calculated QoL and to determine the sample size of the population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), to assess the psychometric properties of the SF-36 questionnaire, test socio – demographic map.

The authors reviewed the simulation training on the computer simulators, various training apparatus, mannequins and training models. Teaching in the direction of development of basic surgical skills and high-tech medical care section is studied.

The article represents the results of the study of the dynamics of basic demographic indicators and indicators of reproductive health in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) within the period 1990-2011. The authors register the decrease in reproductive potential of the population.

At the present time within the modernization of health care a new model of branch, based on the principles to maximize health, social and economic impact on unit costs is formed. A priority development of primary medical and sanitary aid, transfer of aid from inpatient to outpatient level remain the main direction in the improvement of medical care. Cooptation should be conducted in light of the adoption of new federal laws on health, taking into account the transition to new forms of financing.

In the paper the authors show the dynamics of the incidence of tuberculosis, HIV infection and their mixed forms in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) on the base of the integration method. Differences in the TB incidence of native and non-native population are revealed. The authors present the possible mechanisms of interaction between M. tuberculosis and HIV, and their reflection in the epidemic process basing on an analysis of the literature review. The important role of tuberculosis mixed-forms and HIV infection in its development is shown.

The article presents the results of research of the state of drinking water sources, air and soil in the city of Yakutsk, Aldansky, Khangalassky and Megino-Kangalassky regions of Yakutia during 2006-2012 years.

In our epidemiological research we studied actual nutrition and eating habits among children and adolescents of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia), using standardized methods. We for the first time obtained a complete picture of the awareness of children and young people of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) about the principles of healthy nutrition awareness and compliance with the actual dietary habits.

The complex assessment of the health condition and actual nutrition of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) children and adolescents was done. The researchers revealed risk factors for certain diseases (obesity, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, etc.) and chronic diseases (digestive system, musculoskeletal system, allergic diseases, ENT organs, etc.) in the surveyed children and adolescents. Only 6.2% of the surveyed children were assigned to be completely healthy by health condition and levels of their physical development.

In this work the authors carried out clinical and statistical analysis of the prevalence of dental disease and its needs of indigenous peoples of Evenk Municipal District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, towns Poligus, Surinda, Sulomai. the prevalence of somatic diseases and their relationship to the pathology of the oral cavity is estimated.

The paper presents evidence on the data of the official health statistics on reproductive health of the female population of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) (RS(Y)).

The problem of choice of surgical treatment of chronic hemorrhoids keeps its actuality even today. The acuteness of this problem is primarily due to the imperfection of the applicable current methods of treatment and the frequency of complications in the early postoperative period, as well as in the remote terms after hemorrhoidectomy. In light of the development of in-patient replacing forms there is an increasing interest in providing Научные обзоры и лекции minimally invasive surgical treatment at the proctologic diseases in outpatient conditions.

In the assessment of one of the important fundamentals of genochronology – the length of generations, the authors justify the need for significant amendments in the calculation of ages of mutations depending on the basic types of inheritance in isolated populations. The confirmation of the proposed hypothesis in calculating ages of mutations identified in developmental studies forms a representative basis for the application of new approaches in the method of calculation of reliably dated events in the field of genetic archeology.

This article examines the ethnocultural factors in the origin of suicidal behavior of the North peoples. The main ethnocultural factor is unserestimated psychological self-assesment of the aborigines of the North, which leads to alcoholism and suicide. The reason for this is intercultural conflict – pressure from eurocentrism.

This paper outlines study of cerebral hemodynamics of patients, who had undergone carotid endarterectomy procedures. It is highlighted that surgical treatment outcome depends on the initial state of cerebral hemodynamics.

Viral infections, that cause liver damage, have a greater prevalence in the population, the tendency to recurrent course during pregnancy, similar epidemiological path and the effect on the occurrence of diseases of the fetus and newborn. Early prenatal diagnosis of viral infections is extremely important, as the outcome of treatment depends on the timely treatment. The aim of this work is the study of clinical manifestations of antenatal infection with different hepatotropic viruses of newborns.