Endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesisз of inflammatory periodontal diseases

Abstract

Manifestations of endothelial dysfunction that occur in response to microbial invasion in inflammatory periodontal diseases may underlie the occurrence and progression of these diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the level of secretion of adhesive molecules of the selectin family and the superfamily of immunoglobulins in the gingival/periodontal pocket and their relationship with marker periodontal pathogens.

For the study, flushes of the gingival pocket (a total of 88 samples) of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and intact periodontitis were obtained. The content of soluble forms of the adhesion molecules sICAM-1, sVCAM, sE-selectin, and sL-selectin was determined by ELISA. Marker periodontal pathogens were isolated by real-time PCR. The study revealed changes in the adhesiveness of molecules in individuals with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP): the concentrations of sL-and sE-selectin molecules in the gingival/periodontal pocket discharge in patients with CGP increased by an average of 80,4% (p=0.045) and 63,6% (p=0,038), respectively. While the concentrations of adhesive proteins of the superfamily of immunoglobulins sICAM-1 and sVCAM in individuals with CGP exceeded the corresponding concentrations of the control group to a greater extent: 9,7 (p=0,022) and 18,1 (p=0,023) times, respectively. The frequency of detection of periodontal pathogenic bacteria genes was 96,4% in patients with CGP and 28,6% in the group with intact periodontitis. Statistically significant correlations of moderate and high degree were found between the content of sVCAM and T. forsythia (r=0,683, p=0,02) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (r=0,621, p=0,04), as well as sICAM-1 and P. gingivalis (r=0,628, p <0,001) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (r=0,821, p=0,04) in the group of patients with CGP. In the examined patients with intact periodontitis, weak negative correlation between sL-selectin and T. denticola was found (r=-0,482, p=0,03). Thus, elevated concentrations of the soluble adhesive molecules sICAM-1, sVCAM, sE-and sL-selectin may indicate endothelial cell alteration due to persistent inflammatory process caused by virulence factors of specific subgingival bacterial flora.