Visual and semantic memory for Parkinson’s disease: clinical case analysis
https://doi.org/10.1234/YMJ.2022.77.32
Abstract
The aim of the work is to specify the mechanisms of transformation of the content to be memorized in the process of consolidation and reconsolidation in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).
Materials and methods. The study involved three patients with PD (disease duration no more than three years; second stage) without cognitive impairment with mixed (akinetic-rigid-tremor), akinetic-rigid and tremulous forms of the disease. When studying the processes of consolidation-reconsolidation of visual-figurative and semantic memory in PD patients, a symbolic image and a text from the epic of the Indians of Canada were proposed as a stimulating material for memorization. The study of the processes of consolidation-reconsolidation was carried out sequentially: direct reproduction after presentation, reproduction after 40 minutes, after 4 hours, after 36 hours.
Results. When extracting visual-shaped information already at the stage of copying (storing information), a tendency appears to transform the symbol into a specific image ("bird", "owl"), which increases from stage to stage. As a result, there are not only distortions of the reproduced information up to its complete loss, but also simplification. The number of image details decreases, the accuracy of their reproduction decreases, and new elements that are absent in the original image are drawn. When the semantic content was reproduced immediately after presentation, the content loss was 25-27%. When playing text content after 40 minutes, the loss of semantic units was 50-52%. After 4 hours, the patients were able to reproduce 22-25% of the semantic content of the heard text. Revealed the suppression of verbal information in PD.
Conclusion. The presence of neurodegenerative changes due to a pathological process in PD significantly changes the quality (volume and accuracy) of the information retrieved or leads to its complete loss. In patients, regardless of the form of the disease (trembling, akinetic-rigid or mixed), a significantly smaller amount of information (both auditory-verbal and visual-shaped) is consolidated. This tendency is correlated with a pronounced distortion in the process of information extraction.
About the Authors
V. B. Nikishina
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Vera B. Nikishina – Grand PhD in Psychology, prof.
Moscow
E. A. Petrash
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Ekaterina A. Petrash – Grand PhD in Psychology, associate Professor, prof.
Moscow
E. Yu. Shuteeva
KSMU
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Elena Yu. Shuteeva – student of KSMU.
Kursk
N. V. Sharashkina
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Natalia V. Sharashkina – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University.
Moscow
I. A. Zakharova
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Irina Z. Zakharova – assistant.
Moscow
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Review
For citations:
Nikishina V.B., Petrash E.A., Shuteeva E.Yu., Sharashkina N.V., Zakharova I.A. Visual and semantic memory for Parkinson’s disease: clinical case analysis. Yakut Medical Journal. 2022;(1):125-132. https://doi.org/10.1234/YMJ.2022.77.32
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