Features of the heart rate variability of powerlifters under the influence of the training process

Abstract

Objective. To study the peculiarities of heart rate variability in powerlifters depending on the initial type of vegetative regulation under the influence of the training process and the performance of active orthotropic tests.
Material and methods. The study involved 38 men aged 18-25 years, involved in powerlifting. Registration of the cardiorhythmogram was performed using a vegetotester «VNS-Micro», and the treatment was carried out on the basis of the software package «Poly Spectrum» of Neurosoft Company (Ivanovo). The study included several stages: 1) recording the ECG (rhythmogram) in the initial state; 2) after performing the orthotropic test; 3) performing strength training with about maximal anaerobic power; 4) ECG (rhythmogram) recording after training; 5) performing an orthotropic test with subsequent registration of the rhythmogram.
Results. In response to the training load, the powerlifters with normovagotonic regulation have a shift in the vegetative balance toward the predominance of sympathetic activity. In powerlifters with this type of autonomic regulation in response to an orthostatic test before training, there is an increase in sympathetic and a decrease in parasympathetic activity, which indicates a high reactivity of regulatory mechanisms and reliable functional capabilities of the body liftlifters. In powerlifters with normosympathicotonic type of autonomic regulation in response to an orthostatic test before training, the time indices (SDNN, rMSSD, AMo, SI) do not change significantly, which indicates a low reactivity of the autonomic nervous system. At the same time there is an increase in VLF, which indicates the connection of the central department to regulate the rhythm of the heart. High voltage regulatory mechanisms before training, low reactivity of the autonomic nervous system, high centralization in the management of the heart rhythm indicate a low functional capacity of the body powerlifters with normosympotonic type of autonomic regulation.
The conclusion. The peculiarities of temporal and spectral parameters of heart rhythm in athletes engaged in powerlifting are revealed depending on the dominant type of vegetative regulation. It is shown that the same training load leads to different stresses of the regulatory mechanisms (according to the heart rate), depending on the dominance of the VNS department.