The influence of diet and nutrition stereotypes on the biological age of the indigenous population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

The study is devoted to assessing the impact of nutrition on accelerating or slowing down biological age in the indigenous population of Yakutia. The study involved 84 participants aged 18 to 89 years living in the central region of Yakutia. The average age of respondents was 58.0 (21.1) years. To analyze the food composition, the frequency questionnaire containing 30 questions were used. Using K-means method of the cluster analysis, two types of the nutrition were identified among the respondents. We assessed the age acceleration, calculating using three biological clock models: Horvath DNAm, Hannum DNAm, GrimAge in these groups of participants. Binary logistic regression showed that the odds of slowing biological ages increased with a moderate diet for Hannum DNAm by 6.3 times, Horvath DNAm by 21 times, and GrimAge by 15.8 times. The frequent overeating had a negative impact on the biological age of respondents. The frequency of consumption of dairy, fried, canned, salted products, and processed meat statistically significantly affected biological age. Acceleration of epigenetic age was observed in respondents with nutritional errors in the form of overeating and frequent consumption of easily digestible, high-calorie, canned foods.

1. Baltakhinova M.E., Klimova T.M., Zakharova R.N., Ammosova E.P. Territorial differences in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Siberian Medical Review. 2019, 6 (120). Р. 80-87.

2. Boyko E.R. Physiological and biochemical bases of human life in the North. Ekaterinburg. Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2005. P.192.

3. Olesova L.D., Krivoshapkina Z.N., Semenova E.I. et al. The influence of nutrition on lipid metabolism of the population of the Arctic region of Yakutia. Nutrition issues. 2015. Vol. 84. No. S3. P. 144.

4. Dontsov V. I., Krutko V. N. // Biological age as a method of systemic assessment of ontogenetic changes in the state of the organism. Ontogenesis. 2015. Vol. 46, No. 5. P. 295. – DOI: 10.7868/s0475145015050031.

5. Klimova T. M., Fedorova V. I., Baltakhinova M. E., Krivoshapkin V. G. Lipid profile and dyslipoproteinemia in the indigenous rural population of Yakutia //siberian Medical Journal (Tomsk). 2012. T. 27, No. 3. P. 142-146.

6. Nutrition of the indigenous rural population of the North / Khamnagadayev I.I., Polikarpov L.S., Gankin M.I., et al. Therapeutic archive. 2003. Vol. 75. No. 1. P. 34-37.

7. Capurso C, Bellanti F, Lo Buglio A et al. The Editerranean Diet Slows Down the Progression of Aging and Helps to Prevent the Onset of Frailty: A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2020;12:35.

8. Colman R.J., Anderson R.M., Johnson S.C. et al. Caloric restriction delays disease onset and mortality in rhesus monkeys Science, 325 (2009), pp. 201-204.

9. Gensous N, Garagnani P, Santoro A et al. One-year Mediterranean diet promotes epigenetic rejuvenation with countryand sex-specific effects: a pilot study from the NU-AGE project. Geroscience. 2020;42: 687–701.

10. Gensous N, Franceschi C, Santoro A et al. The Impact of Caloric Restriction on the Epigenetic Signatures of Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2019 Apr 24;20(8):2022.

11. Hannum G, Guinney J, Zhao L [et al]. Genome-wide methylation profiles reveal quantitative views of human aging rates. Mol Cell. 2013. Vol. 49(2). P. 359–67.

12. Horvath S. DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types. Genome Biol. 2013. Vol. 14(10): P.115.

13. Horvath S, Pirazzini C, Bacalini MG, et al. Decreased epigenetic age of PBMCs from Italian semi-supercentenarians and their offspring. Aging (Albany NY). 2015. Vol. 7. P. 1159–70.

14. Jaul E, Barron J. Age-related diseases and clinical and public health implications for the 85 years old and over population. Front Public Health. 2017; 5: 335.

15. Kalyakulina A., Yusipov I., Kondakova E, et al. Epigenetics of the far northern Yakutian population. Clin Epigenet 15, 189 (2023).

16. Kim C.H., Lee E.K., Choi Y.J., et al. Shortterm calorie restriction ameliorates genomewide, age-related alterations in DNA methylation. Aging Cell, 15 (2016), pp. 1074-1081.

17. Larry A Tucker Milk fat intake and telomere length in U.S. women and men: the role of the milk fat fraction. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2019 Oct 28; 2019:1574021.

18. Levy SB, Klimova TM, Zakharova RN [et al]. Brown adipose tissue, energy expenditure, and biomarkers of cardio-metabolic health among the Yakut (Sakha) of northeastern Siberia. Am J Hum Biol. 2018. Vol. 30(6).

19. Lu AT, Quach A, Wilson JG [et al.] DNA methylation GrimAge strongly predicts lifespan and healthspan. Aging (Albany NY). 2019; Vol. 11(2): P. 303–27.

20. Quach A, Levine ME, Tanaka T [et al.] Epigenetic clock analysis of diet, exercise, education, and lifestyle factors. Aging. 2017; Vol. 9(2). P. 419–46.

21. Varun B. Dwaraka, Lucia Aronica, Natalia Carreras-Gallo et al. Unveiling the epigenetic impact of vegan vs. omnivorous diets on aging: insights from the Twins Nutrition Study (TwiNS) BMC Medicine volume 22, Article number: 301 (2024).