Assessment of the effect of local treatment on the frequency of cells with nuclear abnormalities in the cytogram of the buccal epithelium in patients with erosive and ulcerative form of lichen planus of the oral mucosa

Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease with a high risk of malignization. Early diagnostic tests of erosive and ulcerative form (ECF) of the LP, timely pharmacotherapy are the key to success in the treatment of this form of dermatosis. The cytologic research method is one of the methods by means of which it is possible to obtain the results and adjust the scheme of medication symptomatic treatment in the future. The aim of research is to determine the effect of local treatment on the frequency of cells with nuclear abnormalities in the cytogram of buccal epithelium obtained from the reticular mesh area and from the surface of erosions in patients with the erosive and ulcerative form of the Lichen Planus in the oral cavity mucosa lining. Materials and methods. In the cytogram of buccal epithelium, cytogenetic indicators (micronucleus, tongue-type protrusion, and broken egg-type protrusion), indicators of nucleus destruction (karyopyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis), and indicators of nuclear proliferation (notching) were assessed. Results. The developed method of local treatment of the erosive and ulcerative form of the Lichen Planus contributed to a more significant decrease in the frequency of cells with nuclear proliferation in the form of notches, compared to the group of patients treated according to clinical recommendations (p=0.05), and significantly decreased the frequency of cells with micronuclei (p<0.01), the frequency of degenerative change of the nucleus at p<0.05. Both methods of local treatment were effective, however, in clinical subgroups of patients with high titers of Candida spp. detected in the oral microbiota, the effect of local treatment in the form of ozone therapy, contributed to a decrease in the frequency of the cytogenetic indicator in the form of micronucleus protrusion (at p<0.1), nucleus notching (at p<0.01), the indicator of completion of nuclear destruction (p<0.1). Cytologic examination of the buccal epithelium is a non-invasive method that provides clear information about the status of the epithelial cells, in particular their DNA damage, the proliferative potential of basal cells and cell death, which are considered basic principles of cancer alertness.

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