Genetic and immunological markers of the formation of metabolic syndrome in schoolchildren (on the example of the Perm Region)

The problem of the formation of metabolic syndrome in children is becoming more and more urgent every year, which is associated with excess nutrition, physical inactivity, increased psycho-emotional stress, therefore, timely identification of immune and genetic markers of predisposition to the development of this pathology will allow identifying possible health risks at an early stage and preventing their implementation in adulthood. The aim of the study: To evaluate the indicators of immune status and genetic polymorphism of candidate genes as markers of the development of metabolic syndrome in school children (on the example of a secondary school in Perm). Materials and methods. The study involved 214 school-age children. Three groups were formed, ranked according to the body mass index criterion: observation group1 with metabolic syndrome (BMI SDS >2.0), observation group2 with excess body weight (BMI SDS >1.0 <2), comparison group – absence of excess body weight (BMI SDS <1.0) The evaluation of immune (IL 1B, IL 4, CD19+), neuroregulatory (leptin), metabolic (glucose, HDL, triglycerides), genetic (ADRB rs1042413, PPARA rs4253778) indicators was carried out. Results and discussion. It was found that the group of children with metabolic syndrome and excess body weight in relation to the comparison group was characterized by an increase in CD19+ expression by 1.3 times, a decrease in the content of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL4 by 1.5 times, overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1b by 1.9 times), leptin by 2.0 times, an imbalance of lipid-carbohydrate metabolism (reduction of HDL by 7%, against the background of an increase in triglyceride levels by 17% and glucose levels by 8%), significant changes in the frequencies of genotypes associated with metabolic syndrome (increased frequency by 2.7 times of the typical AA genotype of the ADRB2 gene rs1042713, OR=3.79 CI:1.25-11.47; p<0.05, as well as by 4.6 times of the variant CC genotype of the PPARA gene rs4253778 OR=5.00; CI:0.97-25.89; p><0.05). Conclusion. Candidate immunological (CD19+, IL 1b, IL4) and genetic (ADRB2 rs1042713, PPARA rs4253778) markers are recommended to be used as indicators for identifying early signs of metabolic syndrome in school-age children living in the Perm region> <0.05, as well as by 4.6 times of the variant CC genotype of the PPARA gene rs4253778 OR=5.00; CI:0.97-25.89; p <0.05). Conclusion. Candidate immunological (CD19+, IL 1b, IL4) and genetic (ADRB2 rs1042713, PPARA rs4253778) markers are recommended to be used as indicators for identifying early signs of metabolic syndrome in school-age children living in the Perm region.

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