Structural characteristics of dental anomalies in schoolchildren due to the vault height of the hard palate with different degrees of severity of connective tissue dysplasia

Nowadays a high level of CTD is prevailed, which has local and general phenotypic signs. At the same time, despite its wide study, the problems of diagnosis, treatment, prevention and comprehensive rehabilitation of its manifestations in the oral cavity and maxillofacial region remain unresolved. In this connection the research aim is to solve these problems, which have an extremely important practical, scientific and theoretical significance in dentistry, and also in medicine. The research objective is to study the structure of dentoalveolar anomalies of schoolchildren due to the hard palate vault height at different degrees of connective tissue dysplasia severity. Materials and methods. A clinical and craniometric study was performed in 964 children and adolescents aged from 12 to 15 years old diagnosed with CTD. The CTD severity was determined by the method of T. Milkovska-Dmitrova and A. Karkashev (1985). In this case, anomalies of occlusion, dental deformities and anomalies in the teeth position were determined taking into account the height of the hard palate vault at different CTD severity. The vault height of the hard palate was determined by the method of Ushnitsky I.D. et al. (2018). Results. The examined patients most frequently revealed a medium degree of severity, then a mild degree and less often a severe degree in the CTD structure severity. At the same time, in the structure of occlusal anomalies associated with distal occlusion, deep traumatic incisal overlap and underdevelopment of the upper jaw, dental arch anomalies including occlusion of the maxillary and mandibular dental arches, shortening of the maxillary and mandibular dental arches, displacement of the upper and lower central tremes, dental position anomalies such as close position of incisors, vestibular position of upper canines, protrusion of upper incisors, retrusion of upper and lower incisors, primary adentia, dystopia of upper canines are determined by increasing their prevalence in school children due to the height of the hard palate vault depending on CTD severity. It should be noted that an opposite pattern to the previous pathologies was detected in some dentoalveolar anomalies, which is characterized by their decrease in the examined schoolchildren depending on the CTD severity. Thus, the occlusion anomalies trend was determined in reverse incisal occlusion, crossbite, mesial occlusion, retroposition of the mandible, as well as in some anomalies of tooth position, including palatine positioning of upper second incisors, tortoanomaly of the upper and lower jaws, inverse occlusion of upper incisors, macro dentition, disorders of the premolars eruption, lateropositioning of upper second incisors. Discussion. The comprehensive study revealed the main structural characteristics of anomalies of occlusion and position of teeth and dental deformities in schoolchildren due to the hard palate vault height at different degrees of CTD severity. Conclusion. The increase and decrease pattern in the prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies in schoolchildren due to the height of the hard palate vault at different degrees of CTD severity has been established for the first time, which will allow taking timely measures to improve complex medical and social rehabilitation.

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