Prevalence Of Stereotypies Among Adults Without Neurological Disorders And Intellectual Decline
https://doi.org/10.25789/YMJ.2024.86.03
Abstract
Stereotypies, along with tics, are the most common hyperkineses, especially among children. It has been esTableished that stereotypies can occur among children with normal development. At the same time, we found only one article on the prevalence of stereotypies among relatively healthy adults. The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence and nature of stereotypies among adults without neurological and intellectual disorders and to determine its relationship with tics and associated psychiatric symptoms. Material and methods. We have created an online questionnaire that includes 32 questions about the presence of movement disorders and their characteristics, assessment of anxiety, depression and attention level. 80 people were studied, including 21 men and 59 women, the median age was 23.0 [22.0; 26.0] years. The results of the study. Of the 80 people who participated in the study, signs of stereotypies, motor and/or vocal tics were identified in 60 people (75%). Each of them had from 1 to 15 symptoms (median – 3.5 [3.0; 6.0]). In 59 (73.8%) people, the revealed motor symptoms were regarded as stereotypies, in 10 (12.5%) people – motor tics, in 6 (7.5%) – vocal tics. In 4 people (5.0%), motor tics were combined with vocal tics, which is typical for Tourette's syndrome. Participants with violent movements were more likely to have a high level of anxiety (53.3% vs. 10%), which often indicated obsessive-compulsive symptoms (41.7% vs. 15.0%), and they also performed worse on the Schulte Table test (40.0 sec vs. 31.5 sec). In-person examination of respondents demonstrated a high level of sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaire in relation to stereotypies (100% and 66.7%, respectively), but a low level of sensitivity to tics (33.3%) with 100% specificity. Conclusion. Stereotypies are quite common among the adult population, even in the absence of organic brain damage and cognitive decline, and in about half of the cases they are combined with obsessive-compulsive symptoms and anxiety.
About the Authors
A. A. Tappakhov
Medical Institute, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University; Scientific Center for Complex Medical Problems
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Tappakhov Alexey A. – Candidate of Sciences in Medicine, Associate Professor at the Department of Neurology and Psychiatry of the Medical Institute, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University; Senior Researcher, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Scientific Center for Complex Medical Problems
Yakutsk
O. S. Nizhegorodova
Medical Institute, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Nizhegorodova Olesya S. – 6th year student
References
1. Attaeva L.Zh., Makarov I.V. Stereotypes in children // Social and clinical psychiatry. 2021. Vol. 31(2). P. 79-85
2. Zalyalova Z.A. Boundaries of involuntary tic hyperkinesis // Bulletin of the National Society for the Study of Parkinson's Disease. 2022. Vol. 2. P. 61-65. DOI: 10.24412/2226-079X-2022-12436.
3. Clinical phenomenology and pathophysiological mechanisms of daytime and nighttime imperative movements / Akhmadulina A.O., Chimagomedova A.Sh., Levin O.S. [et al.] // S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2022. Vol. 122(11). P. 67-72. DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212211267.
4. Hoch J., Spofford L., Dimian A. [et al.]A direct comparison of self-injurious and stereotyped motor behavior between preschool-aged children with and without developmental delays. J Pediatr Psychol. 2016. Vol. 41(5). P. 566-572. DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsv102
5. Martino D., Madhusudan N., Zis P. [et al.] An Introduction to the Clinical Phenomenology of Tourette Syndrome. In. International Review of Neurobiology. Amsterdam: Elsevier Inc., 2013. P. 1-33. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-411546-0.00001-9
6. Cavanna A.E., Purpura G., Riva A. [et al.]. Co-morbid tics and stereotypies: a systematic literature review. Neurol Sci. 2023. Vol. 45(2). P. 477-483. DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07095-y
7. Bonnet C., Roubertie A., Doummar D. [et al.]. Developmental and benign movement disorders in childhood. Mov Disord. 2010. Vol. 25(10). P. 1317-1334. DOI: 10.1002/mds.22944
8. Castellanos F.X., Ritchie G.F., Marsh W.L. [et al.] DSM-IV stereotypic movement disorder: persistence of stereotypies of infancy in intellectually normal adolescents and adults. J Clin Psychiatry. 1996. Vol. 57(3). P. 116-122.
9. Szejko N., Robinson S., Hartmann A. [et al.]. European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders-version 2.0. Part I: assessment. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2022. Vol. 31(3). P. 383-402. DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01842-2
10. Freeman R.D., Soltanifar A., Baer S. Stereotypic movement disorder: Easily missed. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2010. Vol. 52(8). P. 733-738. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03627.x
11. Gal E., Dyck M.J., Passmore A. The relationship between stereotyped movements and self-injurious behavior in children with developmental or sensory disabilities. Res Dev Disabil. 2009. Vol. 30(2). P. 342-352. DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2008.06.003
12. Harris K.M., Mahone E.M., Singer H.S. Nonautistic Motor Stereotypies: Clinical Features and Longitudinal Follow-Up. Pediatr Neurol. 2008. Vol. 38(4). P. 267-272. DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2007.12.008
13. Katherine M. Stereotypic Movement Disorders. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2018. Vol. 25. P. 19-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2017.12.004
14. Maltête D. Adult-onset stereotypical motor behaviors. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2016. Vol. 172(8-9). P. 477-482. DOI:10.1016/j.neurol.2016.07.002
15. Martino D., Hedderly T. Tics and stereotypies: A comparative clinical review. Park Relat Disord. 2019. Vol. 59. P. 117-124. DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.02.005
16. Melo C., Ruano L., Jorge J. [et al.]. Prevalence and determinants of motor stereotypies in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Autism. 2020. Vol. 24(3). P. 569-590. DOI: 10.1177/1362361319869118
17. Oakley C., Mahone E.M., Morris-Berry C. [et al.]. Primary complex motor stereotypies in older children and adolescents: Clinical features and longitudinal follow-up. Pediatr Neurol. 2015. Vol. 52(4). P. 398-403.e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatr-neurol.2014.11.002
18. Gossard T.R., Trotti L.M., Videnovic A. [et al.]. Restless Legs Syndrome: Contemporary Diagnosis and Treatment. Neurotherapeutics. 2021. Vol. 18(1). P. 140-155. DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01019-4
Review
For citations:
Tappakhov A.A., Nizhegorodova O.S. Prevalence Of Stereotypies Among Adults Without Neurological Disorders And Intellectual Decline. Yakut Medical Journal. 2024;(2):13-17. https://doi.org/10.25789/YMJ.2024.86.03
Views:
85
Email this article 