<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ymj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Якутский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Yakut Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-1905</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-1017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЯНЦ КМП</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ymj-960</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Материалы научно-практической конференции с международным участием «Современные подход ы и перспектив ы генетических исследовани й в Якутии », 7 сентября 2017 г., г. Якутск</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Materials of the scientific-practical conference with international participation «Modern App roaches and Prospects of Genetic Research in Yakutia», September 7, 2017, Yakutsk</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Происхождение якутов: молекулярно-генетические реконструкции в сравнении с гипотезами историков</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Origin of the Yakuts: molecular-genetic reconstructions in comparison with the hypotheses of historians</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Федорова Сардана Аркадьевна – д.б.н., зав. лаб. Института естественных наук;  с.н.с.  </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Sardana Arkadievna FEDOROVA – Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of the laboratory; Senior Researcher</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sardaanafedorova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СВФУ им. М.К. Аммосова; ЯНЦ КМП</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Natural Sciences, M.K.Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University; Yakutsk Scientific Centreof Complex Medical Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Федорова С.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Федорова С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fedorova S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ymj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/960">https://ymj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/960</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре представлены результаты исследований генетической истории якутов, проведенных учеными ЯНЦ комплексных медицинских проблем и Северо-Восточного федерального университета им. М.К. Аммосова (Якутск, Россия) в сотрудничестве с коллегами из Института биохимии и генетики УНЦ РАН (Уфа, Россия) и Эстонского Биоцентра (Тарту, Эстония) за период 2002-2016 гг. в сравнении с реконструкциями других групп генетиков и с гипотезами историков и археологов об этногенезе народа саха.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review presents the results of studies of the genetic history of the Yakut (Sakha) people conducted by researchers of the Yakut Scientific Centre of Complex Medical Problems and M. K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University (Yakutsk, Russia) in collaboration with the researchers of the Estonian Biocentre (Tartu, Estonia) and the Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics (Ufa Scientific Centre of RAS, Ufa, Russia), over the period 2002-2016. The obtained results are compared and contrasted with the reconstructions proposed by other groups of geneticists and with historical and archaeological hypotheses on the ethnogenesis of the Yakut (Sakha) people.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>якуты</kwd><kwd>гены</kwd><kwd>этногенез</kwd><kwd>митохондриальная ДНК</kwd><kwd>Y-хромосома</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Yakut (Sakha) people</kwd><kwd>genes</kwd><kwd>ethnogenesis</kwd><kwd>mitochondrial DNA</kwd><kwd>Y-chromosome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеев А.Н. Древняя Якутия. Железный век и эпоха Средневековья / Алексеев А.Н. – Новосибирск: Изд-во Института археологии и этнографии СО РАН, 1996. – 95 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexeev A.N. Ancient Yakutia. The Iron Age and the Middle Ages / Alekseev AN // Novosibirsk: Publishing House of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the SB RAS, 1996. – 95 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гоголев А.И. Якуты: проблемы этногенеза и формирования культуры / Гоголев А.И. – Якутск: Национальное Изд-во РС(Я), 1993. . – 136 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gogolev A.I. Yakuts: problems of ethnogenesis and the formation of culture / Gogolev AI // Yakutsk: The National Publishing House of the RS (Y). 1993. – 136 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дашибалов Б.Б. Археологические памятники курыкан и хори. / Дашибалов Б.Б. – Улан-Удэ: Изд-во Бурятского научного центра СО РАН, 1995. – 191 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dashibalov B.B. Archaeological monuments of Kurykan and Chori. / Dashibalov BB // UlanUde: Publishing House of the Buryat Scientific Center of the SB RAS, 1995. – 191 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аллельный полиморфизм шести микросателлитных локусов ДНК в популяциях Республики Саха (Якутия) / Жиркова В.В. [и др.] // Молекулярная биология. – 2011. – Т.45. – №2. – С.249-257.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allelic polymorphism of six microsatellite DNA loci in populations of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) / Zhirkova VV [et al.] // Molecular biology. – 2011. – Т.45. – № 2. – P.249-257.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Константинов И.В. Происхождение якутского народа и его культуры / Константинов И.В // Якутия и ее соседи в древности. – Якутск. Изд-во ЯФ СО АН СССР, 1970. – С.106-173.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konstantinov I.V. The origin of the Yakut people and their culture / Konstantinov IV // Yakutia and its neighbors in antiquity. – Yakutsk. The USSR Academy of Sciences Publishing House, 1970. – P.106-173.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ксенофонтов Г.В. Ураангхай-сахалар: Очерки по древней истории якутов / Ксенофонтов Г.В. – Якутск: Национальное Изд-во РС(Я) (1937), 1992. – 416 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ksenofontov G.V. Uraangkhai-sakhalar: Essays on the ancient history of the Yakuts. / Ksenofontov G.V. // Yakutsk: The National Publishing House of the RS (Y). (1937), 1992. – 416 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левин Г.Г. Исторические связи якутского языка с древними тюркскими языками VII-IХ вв. (в сравнительно-сопоставительном аспекте с восточно-тюркскими и монгольскими языками) / Г.Г.Левин. – Якутск: Изд-во СВФУ, 2013. – 439 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levine G.G. Historical relations of the Yakut language with ancient Turkic languages VIIIX centuries. (In a comparative aspect with the Eastern Turkic and Mongolian languages) / GG Levin // Yakutsk: Publishing House of the NEFU, 2013. – 439 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Окладников А.П. История Якутской АССР / Окладников А.П. – М.Л.: Изд-во Академии наук СССР, 1955. – Т.1.– 432 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Okladnikov A.P. History of the Yakut ASSR. / Okladnikov A.P. // ML: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1955. – T.1. – 432 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сафронов Ф.Г. Дохристианские личные имена народов Северо-Востока Сибири / Сафронов Ф.Г. – Якутск: Якутское книжное изд-во, 1985. – 200 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Safronov F.G. Pre-Christian personal names of peoples of the North-East of Siberia. / Safronov FG / / Yakutsk: Yakut publishing house, 1985. – 200 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Серошевский В.Л. Якуты (опыт этнографического исследования) / Серошевский В.Л. – М.: Российская политическая энциклопедия, 1993. – 713 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seroshevsky V.L. Yakuts (experience of ethnographic research) / Seroshevsky V.L. // Moscow: The Russian Political Encyclopedia, 1993. – 713 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Степанов В.А. Этногеномика населения Северной Евразии / Степанов В.А. – Томск: Издательство «Печатная мануфактура», 2002. -243 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stepanov V.A. Ethnogenomics of the population of Northern Eurasia / Stepanov V.A. // Tomsk: Publishing House «Printing Manufactory», 2002. – 243 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эргис Г.У. Исторические предания и рассказы якутов: в 2 частях / Эргис Г.У. – М.: Л.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1960. – Ч.1. – 322 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ergis G.U. Historical legends and stories of the Yakuts: in 2 parts / Ergis G.U. / M .: L .: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1960. – Part 1. – 322 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Этническая геномика якутов (народа саха) / Л.А.Тарская, А.И.Гоголев, Г.И.Ельчинова [и др.]. – М.: Изд-во Наука, 2009. – 270 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ethnic genomics of the Yakuts (Sakha people) / LA Tarskaya, AI Gogolev, GI Yelchinova [et al.] // M.: Izd-vo Nauka, 2009. – 270 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ушницкий В.В. Проблема происхождения народа саха / Ушницкий В.В. // Народ cаха – от века к веку. – Новосибирск: Наука, 2003. – C.39-61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ushnitsky V.V. The problem of the Sakha people’s origin / Ushnitsky V.V. // The people of Sakha – from century to century. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2003. – C.39-61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Происхождение якутов: анализ гаплотипов Y-хромосомы / В.Н.Харьков, В.А.Степанов, О.Ф.Медведева // Молекулярная биология. – 2008. – Т. 42, № 2. – С. 226-237.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The origin of the Yakuts: analysis of haplotypes of the Y-chromosome / VN Kharkov, VA Stepanov, OF Medvedev // Molecular biology. – 2008. – T.42, № 2. – P. 226-237.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федорова С.А. Генетические портреты народов Республики Саха (Якутия): анализ линий митохондриальной ДНК и Y-хромосомы / Федорова С.А. – Якутск: Изд-во ЯНЦ СО РАН , 2008.– 235 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorova S.A. Genetic portraits of the peoples of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): analysis of mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome lineages / Fedorova SA // Yakutsk: Publishing House of the Yakut Scientific Center of the SB RAS, 2008. – 235 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федорова С.А. Якуты: генетические реконструкции в сравнении с историческими. Этногенез и культурогенез в Байкальском регион. под ред. П.Б. Коновалова / Федорова С.А. – Улан-Удэ: Изд-во БНЦ СО РАН , 2011. – C.151-176.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorova S.A. Yakuts: genetic reconstruction in comparison with historical. Ethnogenesis and culturogenesis in the Baikal region. Ed. P.B. Konovalova / S.A. Fedorova // Ulan-Ude: Publishing House of the BSC SB RAS, 2011. – C.151-176.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Генетическая история народов Якутии и наследственно-обусловленные болезни / под ред. Федоровой С.А., Хуснутдиновой Э.К. – Новосибирск: Изд-во Наука, 2015. – 328 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Genetic history of the peoples of Yakutia and hereditary-determined diseases / ed. Fedorova SA, Khusnutdinova E.K. // Novosibirsk: Izd-vo Nauka, 2015. – 328 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федорова С.А. Анализ митохондриальной ДНК в популяции якутов / Федорова С.А., Бермишева М.А., Виллемс Р. [и др.] // Молекулярная биология. – 2003. – Т.37. – С.544-553.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorova S.A. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA in the Yakut population / Fedorova SA, Bermisheva MA, Willems R. [et al.] // Molecular biology. – 2003. – T.37. – P.544-553.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Этнотерриториальные группы якутов: особенности генетической структуры / Федорова С.А., Барашков Н.А., Ушницкий В.В. [и др.] // Якутский медицинский журнал. – 2014. – №2. – С.28-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ЭFedorova S.A. Ethnoterritorial groups of the Yakuts: features of the genetic structure / Fedorova SA, Barashkov NA, Ushnitsky VV [et al.] // Yakut medical journal. – 2014. – №2. – P.28-31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A counter clockwise northern route of the Y-chromosome haplogroup N from Southeast Asia towards Europe / Rootsi S [et al.] // Eur. J. Hum. Genet. – 2006. – V.15. – P.204-211.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A counter clockwise northern route of the Y-chromosome haplogroup N from Southeast Asia towards Europe / Rootsi S [et al.] // Eur. J. Hum. Genet. – 2006. – V.15. – P.204-211.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture / Karmin M [et al.] // Genome Research. – 2015. – V.25.– P.459-466.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture / Karmin M [et al.] // Genome Research. – 2015. – V.25.– P.459-466.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): implications for the peopling of Northeast Eurasia / Fedorova S.A. [et al.] // BMC evolutionary biology. – 2013. – 13:127. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-127/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Autosomal and uniparental portraits of the native populations of Sakha (Yakutia): implications for the peopling of Northeast Eurasia / Fedorova S.A. [et al.] // BMC evolutionary biology. – 2013. – 13:127. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-127/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coalescent simulations of Yakut mtDNA variation suggest small founding population / Zlojutro M. [et al.] // Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. – 2009. – 139(4). – P.474-482.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coalescent simulations of Yakut mtDNA variation suggest small founding population / Zlojutro M. [et al.] // Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. – 2009. – 139(4). – P.474-482.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fefelova V.V. Participation of IndoEuropean tribes of the Mongoloid population of Siberia: Analysis of the HLA antigen distribution in Mongoloids of Siberia / Fefelova V.V. // Am. J. Hum. Genet. – 1990. – V.47. – P.294-301.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fefelova V.V. Participation of IndoEuropean tribes of the Mongoloid population of Siberia: Analysis of the HLA antigen distribution in Mongoloids of Siberia / Fefelova V.V. // Am. J. Hum. Genet. – 1990. – V.47. – P.294-301.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup N: A Non-trivial Time-Resolved Phylogeography that Cuts across Language Families Ilumäe A.M. [et al.] // Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2016 – V.99(1). – P.163-173.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup N: A Non-trivial Time-Resolved Phylogeography that Cuts across Language Families Ilumäe A.M. [et al.] // Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2016 – V.99(1). – P.163-173.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Investigating the effects of prehistoric migrations in Siberia: genetic variation and the origins of Yakuts / Pakendorf B. [et al.] // Hum. Genet. – 2006. – V.120. – P.334-353.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Investigating the effects of prehistoric migrations in Siberia: genetic variation and the origins of Yakuts / Pakendorf B. [et al.] // Hum. Genet. – 2006. – V.120. – P.334-353.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">MtDNA analysis reveals a major late Paleolithic population expansion from southwestern to northeastern Europe / Torroni A. [et al.] // Am. J. Hum. Genet. – 1998. – V.62. – P.1137-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">MtDNA analysis reveals a major late Paleolithic population expansion from southwestern to northeastern Europe / Torroni A. [et al.] // Am. J. Hum. Genet. – 1998. – V.62. – P.1137-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The genetic legacy of the expansion of Turkic-speaking nomads across Eurasia / Yunusbayev B. [et al.] // PLoS Genet. – 2015. – V.11(4):e1005068.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The genetic legacy of the expansion of Turkic-speaking nomads across Eurasia / Yunusbayev B. [et al.] // PLoS Genet. – 2015. – V.11(4):e1005068.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
