ymjЯкутский медицинский журналYakut Medical Journal1813-19052312-1017ЯНЦ КМПymj-939Research ArticleМатериалы научно-практической конференции с международным участием «Современные подход ы и перспектив ы генетических исследовани й в Якутии », 7 сентября 2017 г., г. ЯкутскMaterials of the scientific-practical conference with international participation «Modern App roaches and Prospects of Genetic Research in Yakutia», September 7, 2017, YakutskГеном и генетическое здоровье якутского этносаGenome and genetic health of the Yakut ethnosОсаковскийВ. Л.OsakovskyV. L.

 Осаковский Владимир Леонидович – к.б.н., зав. лаб. 

 Vladimir L. Osakovsky 

 Kulakovsky street, build. 46, 104 room, Yakutsk, 677000 

iz_labgene@mail.ruСивцеваТ. М.SivtsevaT. M.

 Сивцева Татьяна Михайловна – к.б.н., с.н.с.

 Tatyana M. Sivtseva 

 Kulakovsky street, build. 46, 104 room, Yakutsk, 677000 

tm.sivtseva@s-vfu.ruНИИ здоровья СВФУ им. М.К. АммосоваРоссияInstitute of Health of the North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. AmmosovRussian Federation201722082025033740Copyright © Осаковский В.Л., Сивцева Т.М., 20252025Осаковский В.Л., Сивцева Т.М.Osakovsky V.L., Sivtseva T.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ymj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/939

В статье представлен обзор результатов исследований этногенеза народов Сибири в аспекте генетического здоровья якутского этноса, адаптированного к экстремальным перепадам сезонных изменений высокоширотной зоны. В последние годы популяция испытывает увеличение груза болезней с метаболическими нарушениями. Основная причина роста негативного груза нарушений здоровья современной якутской популяции – последствие генетического дрейфа и консерватизма генома.

The article presents a survey of the results of studies of the ethnogenesis of the peoples of Siberia in the aspect of the genetic health of the ethnos, adapted to the extreme changes in seasonal changes in the high-latitude zone. The genome inherited from ancestors with a certain protective potential provides metabolic health and stability against stressful environmental influences. The genome of the Yakut ethnos is characterized by three main genetic components (58.5% - Central Siberian, 12.5% - European, 29% - East Asian), as well as a high level of homozygosity of the genome. In the Yakut population, the negative genetic component is manifested by a wide spectrum of age-dependent, genetically predisposed neurodegenerative diseases (multiple sclerosis, Viliuisk encephalitis, Parkinson’s disease and diseases with impaired motor functions, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spastic paraplegia and other). Also in recent years, the population is experiencing an increase in the burden of diseases with metabolic disorders. The main reason for the growth of the negative load of health disorders of the modern Yakut population is the consequence of genetic drift and conservatism of the genome.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.