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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ymj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Якутский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Yakut Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-1905</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-1017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЯНЦ КМП</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25789/YMJ.2025.90.26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ymj-788</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные представления о мышечных дистониях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern concepts of muscular dystonia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6518-0079</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Адамова</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Adamova</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Адамова Алина Евгеньевна – м.н.с.</p><p>677000, Якутск, ул. Ярославского, 6/3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adalina666@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5977-5518</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крылов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крылов Алексей Васильевич – м.н.с.</p><p>677000, Якутск, ул. Ярославского, 6/3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexkrulovwork@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ФГБНУ «Якутский научный центр комплексных медицинских проблем»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>123</fpage><lpage>127</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Адамова А.Е., Крылов А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Адамова А.Е., Крылов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Adamova A.E., Krylov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ymj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/788">https://ymj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/788</self-uri><abstract><p>Данная работа представляет собой комплексный анализ генетических, клинических и терапевтических аспектов мышечных дистоний — гетерогенной группы неврологических расстройств, характеризующихся патологическими позами и инвалидизирующими гиперкинезами. На основе систематизации данных последних десятилетий авторы выделяют ключевые достижения: идентификацию 25 наследственных форм (DYT1–DYT25), роль мутаций в гене TOR1A (DYT1) в нарушении внутриклеточного транспорта, а также прогресс в симптоматической терапии (ботулинотерапия, глубокая стимуляция мозга, MRgFUS). Особое внимание уделено ограничениям существующих методов, связанных с неполным пониманием патогенеза и резистентностью 30-40 % пациентов. Подчеркивается необходимость интеграции генетического тестирования, нейровизуализации и биотехнологий (CRISPR, рекомбинантные токсины) для разработки таргетных стратегий. Работа обобщает эпидемиологические данные (распространенность: 3–60 случаев на 100 000), актуальную классификацию и перспективы персонализированной медицины, предлагая вектор для будущих исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the genetic, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of muscular dystonias — a heterogeneous group of neurological disorders characterized by pathological postures and disabling hyperkinesias. Based on a synthesis of data from recent decades, the authors highlight key advancements: the identification of 25 hereditary forms (DYT1–DYT25), the role of mutations in the TOR1A gene (DYT1) in disrupting intracellular transport, and progress in symptomatic treatments such as botulinum toxin therapy, deep brain stimulation, and MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS). Special attention is given to the limitations of current approaches, including an incomplete understanding of pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance observed in 30-40% of patients. The necessity of integrating genetic testing, neuroimaging, and emerging biotechnologies (e.g., CRISPR, recombinant toxins) is emphasized as a pathway toward developing targeted treatment strategies. The paper also summarizes epidemiological data (prevalence: 3–60 cases per 100,000), presents the current classification framework, and outlines prospects for personalized medicine – offering a roadmap for future research.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дистония</kwd><kwd>гиперкинезы</kwd><kwd>генетика</kwd><kwd>торсионная дистония</kwd><kwd>цервикальная дистония</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dystonia</kwd><kwd>hyperkinesis</kwd><kwd>genetics</kwd><kwd>torsion dystonia</kwd><kwd>cervical dystonia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Азбука ботулинотерапии / [Артеменко А.Р., Дутикова Е.М. и др.]; под ред. С.Л. Тимербаевой. М.: Практическая медицина, 2018. 416 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ABC of botulinum therapy: scientific and practical ed. [Artemenko A.R., Dutikova E.M. et al.]; edited by S.L. 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