ymjЯкутский медицинский журналYakut Medical Journal1813-19052312-1017ЯНЦ КМП10.25789/YMJ.2021.73.24ymj-518Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИSCIENTIFIC REVIEWS AND LECTURESАктивация бурой жировой ткани в организме человекаActivation of brown adipose tissue in the human bodyЕфремоваА. В.EfremovaA. V.

Ефремова Аграфена Владимировна – к.б.н., Phd, с.н.с.

Efremova Agrafena Vladimirovna – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Phd, Senior Researcher

a.efremova01@mail.ruАлексеевВ. А.AlekseevV. A.

Алексеев Владислав Амирович – м.н.с.

Alekseev Vladislav Amirovich – junior researcher

КонстантиноваЛ. И.KonstantinovaL. I.

Константинова Лена Ивановна – н.с.

Konstantinova Lena Ivanovna – research assistant

ОхлопковаЕ. Д.OkhlopkovaE. D.

Охлопкова Елена Дмитриевна - к.б.н., в.н.с.-руковод.лаб.

Okhlopkova Elena Dmitrievna – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher - Head of Laboratory

ОлесоваЛ. Д.OlesovaL. D.

Олесова Любовь Дыгыновна - к.б.н., в.н.с.

Olesova Lyubov Dygynovna – Candidate of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher

СеменоваЕ. И.SemenovaE. I.

Семенова Евгения Ивановна – к.б.н., с.н.с.

Semenova Evgeniya Ivanovna – Ph.D., Senior Researcher

Якутский НЦ комплексных медицинских проблемРоссияYakutsk Scientific Center for Complex Medical ProblemsRussian Federation202127042025018791Copyright © Ефремова А.В., Алексеев В.А., Константинова Л.И., Охлопкова Е.Д., Олесова Л.Д., Семенова Е.И., 20252025Ефремова А.В., Алексеев В.А., Константинова Л.И., Охлопкова Е.Д., Олесова Л.Д., Семенова Е.И.Efremova A.V., Alekseev V.A., Konstantinova L.I., Okhlopkova E.D., Olesova L.D., Semenova E.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ymj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/518

В обзоре литературы представлены современные данные о влиянии физиологических факторов, таких как холод, питание и голодание, на активацию бурой жировой ткани в организме взрослого человека. Активация данной ткани стимулирует метаболизм человека и может быть потенциальным терапевтическим способом в борьбе с ожирением и сопутствующими ему заболеваниями.

This literature review presents current data on the influence of physiological factors such as cold, nutrition, and starvation, on the activation of brown adi-pose tissue in the adult body. Activation of this tissue stimulates human me-tabolism and may be a potential therapeutic way to fight obesity and related diseases.

холодбурая жировая тканьтермогенезинсулинпозитронно-эмиссионная томографияпостпрандиальныйожирениеcoldbrown adipose tissuethermogenesisinsulinpositron emission tomographypostprandialobesityReferencesBlessing W. Heating and eating: brown adipose tissue thermo- genesis precedes food ingestion as part of the ultradian basic rest-activity cycle in rats / Blessing W, Mohammed M, Ootsuka Y // Physiol Behav. - 2012. 105(4):966–974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.11.009Blessing W. Heating and eating: brown adipose tissue thermo- genesis precedes food ingestion as part of the ultradian basic rest-activity cycle in rats / Blessing W, Mohammed M, Ootsuka Y // Physiol Behav. - 2012. 105(4):966–974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.11.009Blondin D.P. Increased adipose tissue oxidative capacity in cold-acclimated humans / Blondin D.P., Labbé S.M., Tingelstad H.C., Noll C., Kunach M., Phoenix S., Guérin B., Turcotte E.E., Carpentier A.C., Rich-ard D., Haman F. // J Clin Endocrinol Metab. - 2014. 99(3):E438–E446. https://doi.org/10. 1210/jc.2013-3901Blondin D.P. Increased adipose tissue oxidative capacity in cold-acclimated humans / Blondin D.P., Labbé S.M., Tingelstad H.C., Noll C., Kunach M., Phoenix S., Guérin B., Turcotte E.E., Carpentier A.C., Rich-ard D., Haman F. // J Clin Endocrinol Metab. - 2014. 99(3):E438–E446. https://doi.org/10. 1210/jc.2013-3901Blondin D.P. Dietary fatty acid metabolism of brown adipose tissue in cold- acclimated men / Blondin D.P., Tingelstad H.C., Noll C., Frisch F., Phoenix S., Guérin B., Turcotte É.E., Richard D., Haman F., Carpentier A.C. // Nat Commun – 2017. 8:14146. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14146Blondin D.P. Dietary fatty acid metabolism of brown adipose tissue in cold- acclimated men / Blondin D.P., Tingelstad H.C., Noll C., Frisch F., Phoenix S., Guérin B., Turcotte É.E., Richard D., Haman F., Carpentier A.C. // Nat Commun – 2017. 8:14146. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14146Richard D. Inhibition of intracellular triglyceride lipolysis suppresses cold-induced brown adipose tissue metabolism and increases shivering in hu-mans / Blondin D.P., Frisch F., Phoenix S., Guérin B., Turcotte É.E., Haman F., Richard D., Carpentier A.C. // Cell Metab. – 2017. 25(2):438–447. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.cmet.2016.12.005Richard D. Inhibition of intracellular triglyceride lipolysis suppresses cold-induced brown adipose tissue metabolism and increases shivering in hu-mans / Blondin D.P., Frisch F., Phoenix S., Guérin B., Turcotte É.E., Haman F., Richard D., Carpentier A.C. // Cell Metab. – 2017. 25(2):438–447. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.cmet.2016.12.005Boström P.A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like de-velopment of white fat and thermogenesis / Boström P., Wu J., Jedrych-owski M.P., Korde A., Ye L., Lo J.C., Rasbach K.A., Boström E.A., Choi J.H., Long J.Z., Kajimura S., Zingaretti M.C., Vind B.F., Tu H., Cinti S., Højlund K., Gygi S.P., Spiegelman B.M. // Nature. – 2012. 481(7382):463–468. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10777Boström P.A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like de-velopment of white fat and thermogenesis / Boström P., Wu J., Jedrych-owski M.P., Korde A., Ye L., Lo J.C., Rasbach K.A., Boström E.A., Choi J.H., Long J.Z., Kajimura S., Zingaretti M.C., Vind B.F., Tu H., Cinti S., Højlund K., Gygi S.P., Spiegelman B.M. // Nature. – 2012. 481(7382):463–468. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10777Cannon B. Brown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance / Cannon B., Nedergaard J. // Physical Rev. - 2004; 84: 277-359. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00015.2003Cannon B. Brown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance / Cannon B., Nedergaard J. // Physical Rev. - 2004; 84: 277-359. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00015.2003/ Chondronikola M. Brown adipose tissue improves whole-body glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in humans / Chondronikola M., Volpi E., Børsheim E., Porter C., Annamalai P., Enerbäck S., Lidell M.E., Saraf M.K., Labbe S.M., Hurren N.M., Yfanti C., Chao T., Andersen C.R., Cesani F., Hawkins H., Sidossis L.S. (2014 Diabetes 63(12):4089–4099. https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-0746/ Chondronikola M. Brown adipose tissue improves whole-body glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in humans / Chondronikola M., Volpi E., Børsheim E., Porter C., Annamalai P., Enerbäck S., Lidell M.E., Saraf M.K., Labbe S.M., Hurren N.M., Yfanti C., Chao T., Andersen C.R., Cesani F., Hawkins H., Sidossis L.S. (2014 Diabetes 63(12):4089–4099. https://doi.org/10.2337/db14-0746Cohade C. “USA-Fat”: prevalence is related to ambient outdoor tempera-ture-evaluation with 18F-FDG PET/CT / Cohade C., Mourtzikos K.A., Wahl R.L. // J Nucl Med. – 2003. 44(8):1267–1270Cohade C. “USA-Fat”: prevalence is related to ambient outdoor tempera-ture-evaluation with 18F-FDG PET/CT / Cohade C., Mourtzikos K.A., Wahl R.L. // J Nucl Med. – 2003. 44(8):1267–1270Van der Lans A.A. Cold acclimation recruits human brown fat and increases nonshivering thermogenesis // Van der Lans A.A., Hoeks J,, Brans B., Vijgen G.H., Visser M.G., Vosselman M.J., Hansen J., Jörgensen J.A., Wu J., Mottaghy F.M., Schrauwen P., van Marken Lichtenbelt W.D. // J Clin Invest 123. – 2013. (8):3395–3403. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI68993Van der Lans A.A. Cold acclimation recruits human brown fat and increases nonshivering thermogenesis // Van der Lans A.A., Hoeks J,, Brans B., Vijgen G.H., Visser M.G., Vosselman M.J., Hansen J., Jörgensen J.A., Wu J., Mottaghy F.M., Schrauwen P., van Marken Lichtenbelt W.D. // J Clin Invest 123. – 2013. (8):3395–3403. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI68993Hales C.M. Prevalence of Obesity among Adults and Youth: United States / Hales C.M., Carroll M.D., Fryar C.D., Ogden, C.L. // National Center for Health Statistics Website. - 2015–2016, 2017 Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db288.htm (accessed on 7 July 2020).Hales C.M. Prevalence of Obesity among Adults and Youth: United States / Hales C.M., Carroll M.D., Fryar C.D., Ogden, C.L. // National Center for Health Statistics Website. - 2015–2016, 2017 Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db288.htm (accessed on 7 July 2020).Glucose uptake in human brown adipose tissue is impaired upon fasting-induced insulin resistance / Hanssen M.J., Wierts R., Hoeks J., Gemmink A., Brans B., Mottaghy F.M., Schrauwen P., van Marken Lichtenbelt W.D. // Diabetologia. – 2015. 58(3):586–595. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00125-014-3465-8Glucose uptake in human brown adipose tissue is impaired upon fasting-induced insulin resistance / Hanssen M.J., Wierts R., Hoeks J., Gemmink A., Brans B., Mottaghy F.M., Schrauwen P., van Marken Lichtenbelt W.D. // Diabetologia. – 2015. 58(3):586–595. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00125-014-3465-8Hany T.F. Brown adipose tissue: a factor to consider in symmetrical tracer uptake in the neck and upper chest region / Hany T.F., Gharehpapagh E., Kamel E.M., Buck A., Himms-Hagen J., von Schulthess G.K. // Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. – 2002. 29(10):1393–1398Hany T.F. Brown adipose tissue: a factor to consider in symmetrical tracer uptake in the neck and upper chest region / Hany T.F., Gharehpapagh E., Kamel E.M., Buck A., Himms-Hagen J., von Schulthess G.K. // Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. – 2002. 29(10):1393–1398Himms-Hagen J. Obesity may be due to a malfunctioning of brown fat // Can Med Assoc J. 1979. 121 (10):1361–1364Himms-Hagen J. Obesity may be due to a malfunctioning of brown fat // Can Med Assoc J. 1979. 121 (10):1361–1364van Marken Lichtenbelt W.D. Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in healthy men / van Marken Lichtenbelt W.D., Vanhommerig J.W., Smulders N.M., Drossaerts J.M., Kemerink G.J., Bouvy N.D., Schrauwen P., Teule G.J. // N Engl J Med . – 2009. 360(15):1500–1508. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2009;360(18):1917van Marken Lichtenbelt W.D. Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in healthy men / van Marken Lichtenbelt W.D., Vanhommerig J.W., Smulders N.M., Drossaerts J.M., Kemerink G.J., Bouvy N.D., Schrauwen P., Teule G.J. // N Engl J Med . – 2009. 360(15):1500–1508. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2009;360(18):1917Muzik O. 15O PET measurement of blood flow and oxygen consumption in cold-activated human brown fat / Muzik O., Mangner T.J., Leonard W.R., Kumar A., Janisse J., Granneman J.G. // J Nucl Med. – 2013. 54(4):523–531. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.112.111336Muzik O. 15O PET measurement of blood flow and oxygen consumption in cold-activated human brown fat / Muzik O., Mangner T.J., Leonard W.R., Kumar A., Janisse J., Granneman J.G. // J Nucl Med. – 2013. 54(4):523–531. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.112.111336Nuutila P. Glucose-free fatty acid cycle operates in human heart and skele-tal muscle in vivo / Nuutila P., Koivisto V.A., Knuuti J., Ruotsalainen U., Teräs M., Haaparanta M., Bergman J., Solin O., Voipio-Pulkki L.M., We-gelius U et al // J Clin Invest . – 19992. 89(6):767–1774Nuutila P. Glucose-free fatty acid cycle operates in human heart and skele-tal muscle in vivo / Nuutila P., Koivisto V.A., Knuuti J., Ruotsalainen U., Teräs M., Haaparanta M., Bergman J., Solin O., Voipio-Pulkki L.M., We-gelius U et al // J Clin Invest . – 19992. 89(6):767–1774Nuutila P. Gender and insulin sensitivity in the heart and in skeletal mus-cles. Studies using positron emission tomography / Nuutila P., Knuuti M.J., Mäki M., Laine H., Ruotsalainen U., Teräs M., Haaparanta M., Solin O., Yki-Järvinen H. // Diabetes. – 1995. 44(1):31–36Nuutila P. Gender and insulin sensitivity in the heart and in skeletal mus-cles. Studies using positron emission tomography / Nuutila P., Knuuti M.J., Mäki M., Laine H., Ruotsalainen U., Teräs M., Haaparanta M., Solin O., Yki-Järvinen H. // Diabetes. – 1995. 44(1):31–36Oberkofler H. Uncoupling protein gene: quantification of expression levels in adipose tissues of obese and non-obese humans / Oberkofler H., Dal-linger G., Liu Y.M., Hell E., Krempler F., Patsch W. // J Lipid Res. – 1997. 38(10):2125–2133Oberkofler H. Uncoupling protein gene: quantification of expression levels in adipose tissues of obese and non-obese humans / Oberkofler H., Dal-linger G., Liu Y.M., Hell E., Krempler F., Patsch W. // J Lipid Res. – 1997. 38(10):2125–2133Orava J. Different metabolic responses of human brown adipose tissue to activation by cold and insulin / Orava J., Nuutila P., Lidell M.E., Oikonen V., Noponen T., Viljanen T., Scheinin M., Taittonen M., Niemi T., Ener-bäck S., Virtanen K.A. // Cell Metab. – 2011. 14(2):272–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2011.06.012Orava J. Different metabolic responses of human brown adipose tissue to activation by cold and insulin / Orava J., Nuutila P., Lidell M.E., Oikonen V., Noponen T., Viljanen T., Scheinin M., Taittonen M., Niemi T., Ener-bäck S., Virtanen K.A. // Cell Metab. – 2011. 14(2):272–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2011.06.012Blunted metabolic responses to cold and insulin stimulation in brown adi-pose tissue of obese humans / Orava J., Nuutila P., Noponen T., Parkkola R., Viljanen T., Enerbäck S., Rissanen A., Pietiläinen K.H., Virtanen K.A. // Obesity (Silver Spring). – 2013. 21(11):2279–2287. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20456Blunted metabolic responses to cold and insulin stimulation in brown adi-pose tissue of obese humans / Orava J., Nuutila P., Noponen T., Parkkola R., Viljanen T., Enerbäck S., Rissanen A., Pietiläinen K.H., Virtanen K.A. // Obesity (Silver Spring). – 2013. 21(11):2279–2287. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20456Brown adipose tissue function is accompanied by cerebral activation in lean but not in obese humans / Orava J., Nummenmaa L., Noponen T., Viljanen T., Parkkola R., Nuutila P., Virtanen K.A. // J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. – 2014. 34(6):1018–1023. https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2014.50Brown adipose tissue function is accompanied by cerebral activation in lean but not in obese humans / Orava J., Nummenmaa L., Noponen T., Viljanen T., Parkkola R., Nuutila P., Virtanen K.A. // J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. – 2014. 34(6):1018–1023. https://doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2014.50Ouellet V. Brown adipose tissue oxidative metabolism contributes to ener-gy expen- diture during acute cold exposure in humans / Ouellet V., Labbé S.M., Blondin D.P., Phoenix S., Guérin B., Haman F., Turcotte E.E., Richard D., Carpentier A.C. // J Clin Invest. – 2012. 122(2):545–552Ouellet V. Brown adipose tissue oxidative metabolism contributes to ener-gy expen- diture during acute cold exposure in humans / Ouellet V., Labbé S.M., Blondin D.P., Phoenix S., Guérin B., Haman F., Turcotte E.E., Richard D., Carpentier A.C. // J Clin Invest. – 2012. 122(2):545–552Parysow O. Low-dose oral propranolol could reduce brown adipose tissue F-18 FDG uptake in patients undergoing PET scans / Parysow O., Mol-lerach A.M., Jager V., Racioppi S., San Roman J., Gerbaudo V.H. // Clin Nucl Med. – 2017. 32(5):351–357Parysow O. Low-dose oral propranolol could reduce brown adipose tissue F-18 FDG uptake in patients undergoing PET scans / Parysow O., Mol-lerach A.M., Jager V., Racioppi S., San Roman J., Gerbaudo V.H. // Clin Nucl Med. – 2017. 32(5):351–357Pathak K. Fasting and glucose induced thermogenesis in response to three ambient temperatures: a randomized crossover trial in the metabolic syn-drome / Pathak K., Woodman R.J., James A.P., Soares M.J. // Eur J Clin Nutr. – 2018. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-017-0058-xPathak K. Fasting and glucose induced thermogenesis in response to three ambient temperatures: a randomized crossover trial in the metabolic syn-drome / Pathak K., Woodman R.J., James A.P., Soares M.J. // Eur J Clin Nutr. – 2018. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-017-0058-xRaiko J. Brown adipose tissue triglyceride content is associated with de-creased insulin sensitivity, independently of age and obesity / Raiko J., Holstila M., Virtanen K.A., Orava J., Saunavaara V., Niemi T., Laine J., Taittonen M., Borra R.J., Nuutila P., Parkkola R. // Diabetes Obes Metab. - 2015. 17 (5):516–519. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.12433Raiko J. Brown adipose tissue triglyceride content is associated with de-creased insulin sensitivity, independently of age and obesity / Raiko J., Holstila M., Virtanen K.A., Orava J., Saunavaara V., Niemi T., Laine J., Taittonen M., Borra R.J., Nuutila P., Parkkola R. // Diabetes Obes Metab. - 2015. 17 (5):516–519. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.12433Rothwell N.J. A role for brown adipose tissue in diet-induced thermogen-esis / Rothwell N.J., Stock M.J. // Nature. – 1979. 281(5726):31–35Rothwell N.J. A role for brown adipose tissue in diet-induced thermogen-esis / Rothwell N.J., Stock M.J. // Nature. – 1979. 281(5726):31–35Saito M. High incidence of active brown adipose tissue in healthy adult humans: effects of cold exposure and adiposity / Saito M., Okamatsu-Ogura Y., Matsushita M., Watanabe K., Yoneshiro T., Nio-Kobayashi J., Iwanaga T., Miyagawa M., Kameya T., Nakada K., Kawai Y., Tsujisaki M. // Diabetes. – 2009. 58(7):1526–1531Saito M. High incidence of active brown adipose tissue in healthy adult humans: effects of cold exposure and adiposity / Saito M., Okamatsu-Ogura Y., Matsushita M., Watanabe K., Yoneshiro T., Nio-Kobayashi J., Iwanaga T., Miyagawa M., Kameya T., Nakada K., Kawai Y., Tsujisaki M. // Diabetes. – 2009. 58(7):1526–1531Siegel E.G. Importance of preabsorptive insulin release on oral glucose tol-erance: studies in pancreatic islet transplanted rats / Siegel E.G., Trimble E.R., Renold A.E., Berthoud H.R. // Gut. – 1998. 21 (11):1002–1009Siegel E.G. Importance of preabsorptive insulin release on oral glucose tol-erance: studies in pancreatic islet transplanted rats / Siegel E.G., Trimble E.R., Renold A.E., Berthoud H.R. // Gut. – 1998. 21 (11):1002–1009U Din M. Human brown adipose tissue oxygen consumption after meal is similar to cold activated consumption / U Din M., Raiko J., Saari T., Kudomi N., Parkkola R., Nuutila P., Virtanen K.A. // Diabetologia . – 2015. 58(Suppl 1):S331, 691U Din M. Human brown adipose tissue oxygen consumption after meal is similar to cold activated consumption / U Din M., Raiko J., Saari T., Kudomi N., Parkkola R., Nuutila P., Virtanen K.A. // Diabetologia . – 2015. 58(Suppl 1):S331, 691U Din M. Human brown adipose tissue [(15)O]O2 PET imaging in the presence and absence of cold stimulus / U Din M., Raiko J., Saari T., Kudomi N., Tolvanen T., Oikonen V., Teuho J., Sipilä H.T., Savisto N., Parkkola R., Nuutila P., Virtanen K.A. // Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. – 2016. 43 (10):1878–1886. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-016-3364yU Din M. Human brown adipose tissue [(15)O]O2 PET imaging in the presence and absence of cold stimulus / U Din M., Raiko J., Saari T., Kudomi N., Tolvanen T., Oikonen V., Teuho J., Sipilä H.T., Savisto N., Parkkola R., Nuutila P., Virtanen K.A. // Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. – 2016. 43 (10):1878–1886. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-016-3364yVijgen G.H. Increase in brown adipose tissue activity after weight loss in morbidly obese subjects / Vijgen G.H., Bouvy N.D., Teule G.J., Brans B., Hoeks J., Schrauwen P., van Marken Lichtenbelt W.D. // J Clin Endocrinol Metab. – 2012. 97(7):E1229–E1233. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-1289Vijgen G.H. Increase in brown adipose tissue activity after weight loss in morbidly obese subjects / Vijgen G.H., Bouvy N.D., Teule G.J., Brans B., Hoeks J., Schrauwen P., van Marken Lichtenbelt W.D. // J Clin Endocrinol Metab. – 2012. 97(7):E1229–E1233. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-1289Virtanen K.A. Functional brown adipose tissue in healthy adults / Virtanen K.A., Lidell M.E., Orava J., Heglind M., Westergren R., Niemi T., Taitto-nen M., Laine J., Savisto N.J., Enerbäck S., Nuutila P. // N Engl J Med. – 2009. 360(15):1518–1525. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2009;361(11):1123Virtanen K.A. Functional brown adipose tissue in healthy adults / Virtanen K.A., Lidell M.E., Orava J., Heglind M., Westergren R., Niemi T., Taitto-nen M., Laine J., Savisto N.J., Enerbäck S., Nuutila P. // N Engl J Med. – 2009. 360(15):1518–1525. Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2009;361(11):1123Vosselman M .J. Brown adipose tissue activity after a high-calorie meal in humans / Vosselman M.J., Brans B., van der Lans A.A., Wierts R., van Baak M.A., Mottaghy F.M., Schrauwen P., van Marken Lichtenbelt W.D. // Am J Clin Nutr . – 2013. 98(1):57–64. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.059022Vosselman M .J. Brown adipose tissue activity after a high-calorie meal in humans / Vosselman M.J., Brans B., van der Lans A.A., Wierts R., van Baak M.A., Mottaghy F.M., Schrauwen P., van Marken Lichtenbelt W.D. // Am J Clin Nutr . – 2013. 98(1):57–64. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.059022Williams G. Method for decreasing uptake of 18F-FDG by hypermetabolic brown adipose tissue on PET / Williams G., Kolodny G.M. // AJR Am J Roentgenol. – 2008. 190(5):1406–1409. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.07.3205Williams G. Method for decreasing uptake of 18F-FDG by hypermetabolic brown adipose tissue on PET / Williams G., Kolodny G.M. // AJR Am J Roentgenol. – 2008. 190(5):1406–1409. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.07.3205Yoneshiro T. Brown adipose tissue, whole-body energy expenditure, and thermogenesis in healthy adult men / Yoneshiro .T, Aita S., Matsushita M., Kameya T., Nakada K., Kawai Y., Saito M. // Obesity (Silver Spring). – 2011. 19(1):13–16Yoneshiro T. Brown adipose tissue, whole-body energy expenditure, and thermogenesis in healthy adult men / Yoneshiro .T, Aita S., Matsushita M., Kameya T., Nakada K., Kawai Y., Saito M. // Obesity (Silver Spring). – 2011. 19(1):13–16Yoneshiro T. Recruited brown adipose tissue as an antiobesity agent in humans / Yoneshiro T., Aita S., Matsushita M., Kayahara T., Kameya T., Kawai Y., Iwanaga T., Saito M. // J Clin Invest. – 2015. 123 (8):3404–3408. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI67803Yoneshiro T. Recruited brown adipose tissue as an antiobesity agent in humans / Yoneshiro T., Aita S., Matsushita M., Kayahara T., Kameya T., Kawai Y., Iwanaga T., Saito M. // J Clin Invest. – 2015. 123 (8):3404–3408. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI67803WHO. Obesity Report; World Health Organization Website. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight (accessed on 25 January 2020).WHO. Obesity Report; World Health Organization Website. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight (accessed on 25 January 2020).

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.