ЗЕЛЕНКОВСКАЯ Евгения Евгеньевна – м.н.с.
ZELENKOVSKAYA Evgeniya E. – junior researcher of Chemical analysis Department
ДАУКАЕВ Рустем Аскарович – к.б.н., зав. отделом
DAUKАEV Rustem A. – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Head of Chemical analysis Department
ЛАРИОНОВА Татьяна Кенсариновна – к.б.н., доцент, в.н.с.
LARIONOVA Tatiana K. – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor, Leading Researcher
МУСАБИРОВ Дмитрий Эдуардович – м.н.с.
MUSABIROV Dmitry E. – junior researcher of Chemical analysis Department
АЛЛАЯРОВА Гузель Римовна – к.б.н., с.н.с.
ALLAYAROVA Guzel R. – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), senior researcher of Chemical analysis Department
АУХАДИЕВА Эльвира Ахатовна – м.н.с.
AUKHADIEVA Elvira A. – junior researcher of Chemical analysis Department
АДИЕВА Гюзелия Фаритовна – к.б.н., н.с.
ADIEVA Guzel F. – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), senior researcher of Chemical analysis Department
Изучены особенности фактического питания учеников среднего школьного возраста, проживающих на территории Республики Башкортостан. Выявлено, что питание респондентов соответствует нормам по энергетической ценности, потреблению белков и жиров. Количество поступающих с пищей углеводов снижено относительно норм физиологических потребностей на 28%, но при этом доля поступления моно- и дисахаридов превышает норму. Ежедневный рацион школьников в достаточной степени обеспечен витаминами. Анализ режима питания выявил сниженную долю калорийности завтрака и обеда.
Основные нарушения в питании детей среднего школьного возраста выражаются в повышенном потреблении насыщенных жирных кислот, простых углеводов и добавленной соли. В сочетании с дефицитом кальция и избытком натрия такой дисбаланс в дальнейшем может вызвать риск развития алиментарно-зависимых заболеваний.
The aim of the study was to study the nutritional habits of secondary school students living in the territory of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Analysis of the actual nutrition of the child population is an urgent task, since the preservation of the health and development of the child deter- mines the health of the nation in the future. The paper examined the actual nutrition of children on school and weekend days. The survey involved students of grades 5-9, from 16 educational institutions of the city of Salavat (Republic of Bashkortostan), aged 11-16 years. By the method of daily reproduction of the diet, the intake of macro- and micronutrients with food was studied. To assess the chemical composition of the diets, the results were compared with the norms of physiological needs (NPN) for children and adolescents.
It was revealed that the nutrition of the respondents meets the standards for energy value, protein and fat intake. The amount of carbohydrates ingested with food is reduced relative to NPN by 28%, but the proportion of intake of mono- and disaccharides exceeds the norm. An increased consumption of added salt by 1.8 times was found. The daily diet of schoolchildren is adequately provided with vitamins. The content of calcium is deficient (68% of the norm), the intake of sodium is almost 5 times excessive. The analysis of the diet revealed a reduced share of the calorie content of breakfast and lunch both on school days and on weekends.
The main violations in the nutrition of middle school children are expressed in the increased consumption of SFA, simple carbohydrates and added salt. Combined with a calcium deficiency and an excess of sodium, this imbalance, in the future, can cause the risk of developing nutritional diseases.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.