ymjЯкутский медицинский журналYakut Medical Journal1813-19052312-1017ЯНЦ КМП10.25789/YMJ.2026.94.23ymj-3344Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫSCIENTIFIC REVIEWSКлиническое значение однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов генов врожденного иммунитета при вирусных инфекциях (обзор литературы)Clinical significance of single nucleotide polymorphisms of innate immune genes in viral infections (literature review)https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7788-3904ВинокуроваК. Р.VinokurovaK. R.

Винокурова Кристина Радиковна – асп., кафедра инфекционных болезней.

ул. Красного Восстания, д. 1, Иркутск, 664003

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3135-4616МаловС. И.MalovS. I.

Малов Сергей Игоревич – д-р мед. наук, доц., проф., кафедра инфекционных болезней.

ул. Красного Восстания, д. 1, Иркутск, 664003

malovsergeii@mail.ruФГБОУ ВО «Иркутский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииRussian Federation20262106202602104109Copyright © Винокурова К.Р., Малов С.И., 20262026Винокурова К.Р., Малов С.И.Vinokurova K.R., Malov S.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ymj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3344

Врожденный иммунитет является первой линией защиты организма от патогенов, и его генетическая вариабельность может существенно определять индивидуальную предрасположенность либо устойчивость к инфекциям. Цель исследования: изучить роль однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов (ОНП) генов врожденного иммунитета и их влияние на развитие и течение вирусных инфекций. Это особенно актуально в свете роста числа инфекционных заболеваний и необходимости разработки новых методов их профилактики и терапии. Исследование выявило значительную связь определенных ОНП в генах толл-подобных рецепторов, цитокинов и других компонентов врожденного иммунитета с предрасположенностью и резистентностью к вирусным заболеваниям. Некоторые полиморфизмы ассоциированы с высоким риском инфицирования, более тяжелым течением инфекций, снижением эффективности иммунного ответа и повышенным риском осложнений. Полученные результаты подчеркивают важность изучения данной проблемы для понимания индивидуальных особенностей реакции организма на инфекционные агенты.

Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against pathogens, and its genetic variability can significantly determine individual susceptibility to infections. The aim of this review is to investigate the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms responsible for innate immunity and their impact on the development and course of viral infections. This is especially relevant given the increasing incidence of infectious diseases and the need to develop new methods for their prevention and treatment. Furthermore, identifying genetic risk factors facilitates the development of personalized medicine and improved treatment outcomes. The study revealed a significant association between certain single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes encoding toll-like receptors, cytokines (interleukins, interferons), and other components of innate immunity and predisposition and resistance to viral diseases. Some polymorphisms are associated with a higher risk of infection, more severe infections, reduced effectiveness of the immune response, and an increased risk of complications. The obtained results highlight the importance of studying this issue to understand individual differences in the body's response to infectious agents. The study highlights the need for further research into genetic predisposition to infections and the potential use of genetic markers to assess risk and optimize treatment strategies.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.