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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ymj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Якутский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Yakut Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-1905</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-1017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЯНЦ КМП</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25789/YMJ.2026.94.22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ymj-3343</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетические факторы предрасположенности к развитию гастроэзофагеальной рефлюксной болезни (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic factors predisposing to the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-0579</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чижков</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chizhkov</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чижков Павел Андреевич – аспирант по специальности 1.5.7 – Генетика.</p><p>Университетская пл., д. 1, Воронеж, 1394018</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">qooleer@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4247-4509</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калаев</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalaev</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калаев Владислав Николаевич – д-р биол. наук, проф., зав. кафедрой генетики, цитологии и биоинженерии.</p><p>Университетская пл., д. 1, Воронеж, 1394018</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный университет»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>96</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чижков П.А., Калаев В.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чижков П.А., Калаев В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chizhkov P.A., Kalaev V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ymj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3343">https://ymj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3343</self-uri><abstract><p>Гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь (ГЭРБ) – хроническое многофакторное заболевание, в основе которого лежит нарушение функции пищеводно-желудочного перехода в сочетании с нарушением клиренса пищевода, приводящие к патологическому рефлюксу. Цель: анализ данных литературы о роли генетических факторов в возникновении ГЭРБ и ее осложнений. Выявлено, что развитие и прогрессирование ГЭРБ ассоциировано с полиморфизмами ключевых генов. К ним относятся гены провоспалительных цитокинов, сигнальных молекул, эпидермального фактора роста, а также маркеры FOXF1 и MHC. Важную роль играет повреждение мтДНК, ведущее к активации окислительного стресса и дисфункции клеток. Генетические факторы создают индивидуальную предрасположенность, определяя реакцию слизистой оболочки пищевода на хронический рефлюкс, и риск злокачественной трансформации. Генетические факторы (генетические полиморфизмы, повреждения мтДНК) могут играть ключевую роль в выраженности клинических проявлений ГЭРБ и развитии осложненных форм заболевания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic, multifactorial disorder characterized by dysfunction of the gastroesophageal junction and impaired esophageal clearance, leading to pathological reflux. Objective: To analyze the literature on the role of genetic factors in the development of GERD and its complications. It was found that the development and progression of GERD is associated with polymorphisms in key genes. These include genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines, signaling molecules, epidermal growth factor, and the FOXF1 and MHC markers. Damage to mtDNA plays a significant role, leading to activation of oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction. Genetic factors create an individual predisposition, determining the response of the esophageal mucosa to chronic reflux and the risk of malignant transformation. Genetic factors (genetic polymorphisms, mtDNA damage) can play a key role in the severity of clinical manifestations of GERD and the development of complicated forms of the disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гастроэзофагеальная рефлюксная болезнь</kwd><kwd>патологический рефлюкс</kwd><kwd>генетическая нестабильность</kwd><kwd>митохондриальная ДНК</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм генов</kwd><kwd>пищевод Барретта</kwd><kwd>аденокарцинома пищевода</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gastroesophageal reflux disease</kwd><kwd>pathological reflux</kwd><kwd>genetic instability</kwd><kwd>mitochondrial DNA</kwd><kwd>gene polymorphism</kwd><kwd>Barrett's esophagus</kwd><kwd>esophageal adenocarcinoma</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цуканов В.В., Васютин А.В., Тонких Ю.Л. 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