<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ymj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Якутский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Yakut Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-1905</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-1017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЯНЦ КМП</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25789/YMJ.2026.93.29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ymj-3214</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЛУЧАЙ ИЗ ПРАКТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL CASE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гиперкалиемия как проявление паранеопластического синдрома при раке пищевода: клинический случай</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hyperkalemia as a manifestation of paraneoplastic syndrome in esophageal cancer: a case report</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5691-2349</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костромицкий</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostromitskiy</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Костромицкий Дмитрий Николаевич – канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. отделения абдоминальной онкологии,</p><p>пер. Кооперативный, д. 5, г. Томск, 634009</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2748-0644</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Добродеев</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobrodeev</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Добродеев Алексей Юрьевич – д-р мед. наук, гл. науч. сотр. отделения абдоминальной онкологии,</p><p>пер. Кооперативный, д. 5, г. Томск, 634009</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9056-9986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваль</surname><given-names>Д. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koval</surname><given-names>D. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коваль Даниил Петрович – ординатор кафедры онкологии,</p><p>Московский тракт, 2, г. Томск, 634050</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">daniil.vova555@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4701-0375</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афанасьев</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Afanasyev</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Афанасьев Сергей Геннадьевич – д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. отделением абдоминальной онкологии,</p><p>пер. Кооперативный, д. 5, г. Томск, 634009</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6247-3434</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тарасова Анна Сергеевна – канд. мед. наук, науч. сотр. отделения абдоминальной онкологии,</p><p>пер. Кооперативный, д. 5, г. Томск, 634009</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1195-4008</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вторушин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vtorushin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вторушин Сергей Владимирович – д-р мед. наук, проф., зам. директора по научной работе и трансляционной медицине, рук. отделения общей и молекулярной патологии,Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии, пер. Кооперативный, д. 5, г. Томск, 634009;</p><p>проф. кафедры патологической анатомии, Московский тракт, 2, г. Томск, 634050</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии, ФГБНУ «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук»<country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии, ФГБНУ «Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук»;&#13;
ФГБОУ ВО «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>136</fpage><lpage>140</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Костромицкий Д.Н., Добродеев А.Ю., Коваль Д.П., Афанасьев С.Г., Тарасова А.С., Вторушин С.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Костромицкий Д.Н., Добродеев А.Ю., Коваль Д.П., Афанасьев С.Г., Тарасова А.С., Вторушин С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kostromitskiy D.N., Dobrodeev A.Y., Koval D.P., Afanasyev S.G., Tarasova A.S., Vtorushin S.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ymj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3214">https://ymj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3214</self-uri><abstract><p>Паранеопластические синдромы представляют собой клинические проявления, ассоциированные со злокачественными новообразованиями и не связанные напрямую с местным ростом опухоли или ее метастазированием. Они могут существенно осложнять диагностику и выбор тактики лечения онкологических больных. Наиболее часто паранеопластические синдромы описаны при раке легкого, молочной железы и поджелудочной железы, тогда как при раке пищевода подобные проявления встречаются крайне редко. В статье представлен клинический случай аденокарциномы пищевода, осложненной стойкой гиперкалиемией, расцененной как проявление паранеопластического синдрома. Электролитные нарушения носили персистирующий характер и не поддавались медикаментозной коррекции, что сделало невозможным проведение стандартного химиотерапевтического и хирургического лечения. В качестве первого этапа была применена дистанционная лучевая терапия на область опухоли и пути лимфооттока, на фоне которой отмечена нормализация уровня калия. Это позволило в дальнейшем провести неоадъювантную химиотерапию и выполнить радикальное хирургическое вмешательство с достижением полного патоморфологического регресса опухоли. Представленный клинический случай подчеркивает необходимость учета паранеопластических электролитных нарушений при раке пищевода и демонстрирует значимость индивидуализированного подхода к лечению пациентов с нетипичным течением заболевания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Paraneoplastic syndromes are clinical manifestations associated with malignant neoplasms that are not directly related to local tumor growth or metastatic spread. They may significantly complicate diagnosis and treatment planning in cancer patients. Paraneoplastic syndromes are most commonly described in lung, breast, and pancreatic cancers, whereas such manifestations are extremely rare in esophageal cancer. This article presents a clinical case of esophageal adenocarcinoma complicated by persistent hyperkalemia, regarded as a manifestation of a paraneoplastic syndrome. The electrolyte disturbance was resistant to medical correction, which made standard chemotherapy and surgical treatment impossible. External beam radiotherapy to the primary tumor and regional lymphatic pathways was used as the first stage of treatment, resulting in normalization of serum potassium levels. This allowed subsequent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgical intervention, achieving a complete pathological response. The presented case highlights the importance of recognizing paraneoplastic electrolyte disorders in esophageal cancer and demonstrates the significance of an individualized treatment approach in patients with atypical disease course.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>паранеопластический синдром</kwd><kwd>гиперкалиемия</kwd><kwd>рак пищевода</kwd><kwd>аденокарцинома</kwd><kwd>лучевая терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>paraneoplastic syndrome</kwd><kwd>hyperkalemia</kwd><kwd>esophageal cancer</kwd><kwd>adenocarcinoma</kwd><kwd>radiotherapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Strauss A. Phlegmasia alba dolens in Clinique Medicale de l'Hotel-Dieu de Paris. Bailliere. 1865; 3: 654-712.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strauss A. Phlegmasia alba dolens in Clinique Medicale de l'Hotel-Dieu de Paris. Bailliere. 1865; 3: 654-712.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oppenheim H. Über Hirnsymptome bei Carcinomatose ohne nachweisbare Veränderungen im Gehirn. Charité Annalen. 1888;13:335–344.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oppenheim H. Über Hirnsymptome bei Carcinomatose ohne nachweisbare Veränderungen im Gehirn. Charité Annalen. 1888;13:335–344.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guichard A., Vignon G. La polyradiculonévrite cancéreuse métastatique; paralysies multiples des nerfs craniens et rachidiens par généralisation microscopique d'un épithélioma du colutérin [Metastatic cancer polyradiculoneuritis; Multiple paralysis of the cranial and spinal nerves by microscopic generalization of an epithelioma of the colutein]. J Med Lyon. 1949 Mar 5;30(700):197-207. J.Med Lyon 1949:30: 197- 207.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guichard A., Vignon G. La polyradiculonévrite cancéreuse métastatique; paralysies multiples des nerfs craniens et rachidiens par généralisation microscopique d'un épithélioma du colutérin [Metastatic cancer polyradiculoneuritis; Multiple paralysis of the cranial and spinal nerves by microscopic generalization of an epithelioma of the colutein]. J Med Lyon. 1949 Mar 5;30(700):197-207. J.Med Lyon 1949:30: 197- 207.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henry K. Paraneoplastic syndromes: Definitions, classification, pathophysiology and principles of treatment. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2019 Jul;36(4):204-210. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semdp.2019.01.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henry K. Paraneoplastic syndromes: Definitions, classification, pathophysiology and principles of treatment. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2019 Jul;36(4):204-210. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semdp.2019.01.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sardiña González C., Martínez Vivero C., López Castro J. Paraneoplastic syndromes review: The great forgotten ones. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2022 Jun;174:103676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103676.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sardiña González C., Martínez Vivero C., López Castro J. Paraneoplastic syndromes review: The great forgotten ones. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2022 Jun;174:103676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103676.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thapa B., Mahendraker N., Ramphul K. Paraneoplastic Syndromes. 2023 Mar 31. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan. PMID: 29939667.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thapa B., Mahendraker N., Ramphul K. Paraneoplastic Syndromes. 2023 Mar 31. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan. PMID: 29939667.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Onyema M.C., Drakou E.E., Dimitriadis G.K.. Endocrine abnormality in paraneoplastic syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 May;36(3):101621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2022.101621.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Onyema M.C., Drakou E.E., Dimitriadis G.K.. Endocrine abnormality in paraneoplastic syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 May;36(3):101621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2022.101621.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reisch N., Reincke M. Endokrine paraneoplastische Syndrome [Endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes]. Internist (Berl). 2018 Feb;59(2):125- 133. German. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-017-0377-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reisch N., Reincke M. Endokrine paraneoplastische Syndrome [Endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes]. Internist (Berl). 2018 Feb;59(2):125- 133. German. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-017-0377-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rashidi A., Youssef N., Workeneh B., et al. Electrolytes Abnormalities in Cancer Patients. Am J Nephrol. 2025 Feb 25:1-20. https://doi.org/10.1159/000544877.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rashidi A., Youssef N., Workeneh B., et al. Electrolytes Abnormalities in Cancer Patients. Am J Nephrol. 2025 Feb 25:1-20. https://doi.org/10.1159/000544877.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berardi R., Torniai M., Lenci E., et al. Electrolyte disorders in cancer patients: a systematic review. J Cancer Metastasis Treat. 2019;5:79. https://doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2019.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berardi R., Torniai M., Lenci E., et al. Electrolyte disorders in cancer patients: a systematic review. J Cancer Metastasis Treat. 2019;5:79. https://doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2019.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ratanasrimetha P., Workeneh B.T., Seethapathy H. Sodium and Potassium Dysregulation in the Patient With Cancer. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2022 Mar;29(2):171-179.e1. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2022.01.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ratanasrimetha P., Workeneh B.T., Seethapathy H. Sodium and Potassium Dysregulation in the Patient With Cancer. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2022 Mar;29(2):171-179.e1. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2022.01.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tong X., Jin M., Wang L., et al. Prognostic biomarkers for immunotherapy in esophageal cancer. Front Immunol. 2024 Sep 30;15:1420399. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1420399.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tong X., Jin M., Wang L., et al. Prognostic biomarkers for immunotherapy in esophageal cancer. Front Immunol. 2024 Sep 30;15:1420399. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1420399.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mac Eochagain, C., Ronan, K., Flynn, C., et al. (2023). Paraneoplastic syndromes in esophageal cancer—a narrative review. Annals of Esophagus, 6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mac Eochagain, C., Ronan, K., Flynn, C., et al. (2023). Paraneoplastic syndromes in esophageal cancer—a narrative review. Annals of Esophagus, 6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoeppner J., Brunner T., Schmoor C., et al. Perioperative Chemotherapy or Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy in Esophageal Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2025 Jan 23;392(4):323-335. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2409408.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoeppner J., Brunner T., Schmoor C., et al. Perioperative Chemotherapy or Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy in Esophageal Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2025 Jan 23;392(4):323-335. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2409408.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agoston A.T., Srivastava A., Zheng Y., et al. Paraneoplastic thrombocytosis is associated with increased mortality and increased rate of lymph node metastasis in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Pathology. 2017 Aug;49(5):471-475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2017.04.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agoston A.T., Srivastava A., Zheng Y., et al. Paraneoplastic thrombocytosis is associated with increased mortality and increased rate of lymph node metastasis in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Pathology. 2017 Aug;49(5):471-475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2017.04.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chang K.W., Kwok L.L., Rana M.K., et al. Paraneoplastic Leukemoid Reaction in Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report. Am J Case Rep. 2020 Jan 31;21:e919596. https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.919596.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chang K.W., Kwok L.L., Rana M.K., et al. Paraneoplastic Leukemoid Reaction in Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report. Am J Case Rep. 2020 Jan 31;21:e919596. https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.919596.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu G., Ji H., Meng C.,et al. Esophageal adenocarcinoma with leukemoid reaction: a case report. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2019 Apr 8;14(1):66. doi: 10.1186/s13019-019-0893-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu G., Ji H., Meng C.,et al. Esophageal adenocarcinoma with leukemoid reaction: a case report. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2019 Apr 8;14(1):66. doi: 10.1186/s13019-019-0893-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Almutlaq M., Alamro A.A., Alamri H.S., et al. The Effect of Local Renin Angiotensin System in the Common Types of Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Sep 3;12:736361. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.736361.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Almutlaq M., Alamro A.A., Alamri H.S., et al. The Effect of Local Renin Angiotensin System in the Common Types of Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Sep 3;12:736361. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.736361.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goodman K.A., Ou F.S., Hall N.C., et al. Randomized Phase II Study of PET Response-Adapted Combined Modality Therapy for Esophageal Cancer: Mature Results of the CALGB 80803 (Alliance) Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2021 Sep 1;39(25):2803-2815. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.20.03611.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goodman K.A., Ou F.S., Hall N.C., et al. Randomized Phase II Study of PET Response-Adapted Combined Modality Therapy for Esophageal Cancer: Mature Results of the CALGB 80803 (Alliance) Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2021 Sep 1;39(25):2803-2815. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.20.03611.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wainberg Z.A., Lin L.S., DiCarlo B., et al. Phase II trial of modified FOLFOX6 and erlotinib in patients with metastatic or advanced adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and gastro-oesophageal junction. Br J Cancer. 2011 Sep 6;105(6):760-5. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2011.280.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wainberg Z.A., Lin L.S., DiCarlo B., et al. Phase II trial of modified FOLFOX6 and erlotinib in patients with metastatic or advanced adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and gastro-oesophageal junction. Br J Cancer. 2011 Sep 6;105(6):760-5. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2011.280.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
