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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ymj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Якутский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Yakut Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-1905</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-1017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЯНЦ КМП</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25789/YMJ.2026.93.08</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ymj-3184</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Генетические детерминанты сахарного диабета 2 типа: роль полиморфизмов генов FABP2, PNPLA3, FADS1, LEPR и GCKR у русских и якутов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetic determinants of type 2 diabetes mellitus: The role of FABP2, PNPLA3, FADS1, LEPR, and GCKR gene polymorphisms in Russians and Yakuts</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7862-1876</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлова Надежда Ивановна – канд. биол. наук, вед. науч. сотр.-руковод. лаборатории наследственной паталогии отдела молекулярной генетики, </p><p>ул. Ярославского, 6/3, г. Якутск, 677000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">solnishko_84@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5414-4102</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочуров</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bochurov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бочуров Алексей Алексеевич – мл. науч. сотр., </p><p>ул. Ярославского, 6/3, г. Якутск, 677000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5977-5518</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крылов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крылов Алексей Васильевич – мл. науч. сотр., </p><p>ул. Ярославского, 6/3, г. Якутск, 677000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2143-0021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кононова</surname><given-names>С. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kononova</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кононова Сардана Кононовна – канд. биол. наук, гл. науч. сотр.-руковод отдела молекулярной генетики, </p><p>ул. Ярославского, 6/3, г. Якутск, 677000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5225-5940</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефремова</surname><given-names>С. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efremova</surname><given-names>S. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ефремова Светлана Дмитриевна – мл. науч. сотр., </p><p>ул. Ярославского, 6/3, г. Якутск, 677000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0010-9850</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Софронова</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sofronova</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Софронова Саргылана Ивановна – канд. мед. наук, гл. науч. сотр.-руковод. научно-организационного и информационно-издательского отдела,</p><p>ул. Ярославского, 6/3, г. Якутск, 677000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2841-0357</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куртанов</surname><given-names>Х. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurtanov</surname><given-names>Kh. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куртанов Харитон Алексеевич – канд. мед. наук, вед. эксперт группы научно-исследовательской биотехнологической лаборатории отдела научно-технологического развития, </p><p>пр. Ленина, 1, г. Якутск, 677000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Якутский научный центр комплексных медицинских проблем»<country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ГАУ «Технопарк «Якутия»<country>Россия</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Павлова Н.И., Бочуров А.А., Крылов А.В., Кононова С.К., Ефремова С.Д., Софронова С.И., Куртанов Х.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Павлова Н.И., Бочуров А.А., Крылов А.В., Кононова С.К., Ефремова С.Д., Софронова С.И., Куртанов Х.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pavlova N.I., Bochurov A.A., Krylov A.V., Kononova S.K., Efremova S.D., Sofronova S.I., Kurtanov K.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ymj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3184">https://ymj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3184</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведен сравнительный анализ роли полиморфизмов генов, ассоциированных с метаболизмом липидов и глюкозы (FABP2 rs1799883, PNPLA3 rs738409, FADS1 rs174537, LEPR rs1137101, GCKR rs780094), в развитии сахарного диабета 2 типа (СД2) в русской (n=179) и якутской (n=446) популяциях Республики Саха (Якутия) методом случай-контроль. С помощью ПЦР-ПДРФ генотипирования и статистического анализа установлены достоверные межпопуляционные различия в распределении аллелей генов FABP2, PNPLA3, FADS1 и LEPR, отражающие их возможную адаптацию к различным условиям среды. Выявлена выраженная этническая специфичность для полиморфизма FABP2 Ala54Thr: у якутов гетерозиготный генотип Ala/Thr, возможно, является фактором риска СД2 (ОШ=1,68; p=0,01), а гомозигота Thr/Thr — протективным вариантом (ОШ=0,51; p&lt;0,001), тогда как в русской выборке значимой ассоциации не обнаружено. Анализ биохимических показателей у пациентов с СД2 выявил генотип-зависимые различия в профиле липидов, глюкозы натощак и маркерах функции печени, подтверждающие роль изучаемых генов как модификаторов метаболического фенотипа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A comparative analysis of the role of gene polymorphisms associated with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism (FABP2 rs1799883, PNPLA3 rs738409, FADS1 rs174537, LEPR rs1137101, GCKR rs780094) in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Russian (n=179) and Yakut (n=446) populations of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) using a case-control study was conducted. Using PCR-RFLP genotyping significant interpopulation differences were identified in the distribution of FABP2, PNPLA3, FADS1, and LEPR gene alleles, reflecting their potential adaptive role to different environmental conditions. The main finding was a pronounced ethnic specificity for the FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism: in Yakuts, the heterozygous Ala/Thr genotype was identified as a risk factor for T2DM (OR = 1.68; p = 0.01), while the homozygous Thr/Thr variant exhibited a protective effect (OR = 0.51; p &lt; 0.001). No significant association was found in the Russian sample. Analysis of biochemical parameters in T2DM patients revealed genotype-dependent differences in lipid profile, fasting glucose levels, and liver function markers, confirming the role of the studied genes as modifiers of the metabolic phenotype.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>FABP2 rs179988</kwd><kwd>PNPLA3 rs738409</kwd><kwd>FADS1 rs174537</kwd><kwd>Lepr rs1137101</kwd><kwd>GCKR rs780094</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>FABP2 rs1799883</kwd><kwd>PNPLA3 rs738409</kwd><kwd>FADS1 rs174537</kwd><kwd>LEPR rs1137101</kwd><kwd>GCKR rs780094</kwd><kwd>type 2 diabetes mellitus</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено в рамках НИР «Молекулярно-генетические особенности развития наследственно-обусловленной патологии, многофакторных заболеваний и коморбидных состояний в Северо-Восточном регионе России» с использованием УНУ «Геном Якутии» №USU_507512.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kang N, Chen G, Tu R, et al. 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