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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ymj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Якутский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Yakut Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-1905</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-1017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЯНЦ КМП</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25789/YMJ.2025.92.07</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ymj-3062</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вариабельность генов PNPLA3 и GCKR, их влияние на биохимические показатели у жителей Республики Саха (Якутия)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Variability of PNPLA3 and GCKR genes and their influence on biochemical parameters in residents of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7862-1876</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павлова Надежда Ивановна – к.б.н., в.н.с., рук. лаборатории наследственной паталогии отдела молекулярной генетики.</p><p>677000, Якутск, ул. Ярославского, 6/3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">solnishko_84@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5414-4102</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочуров</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bochurov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бочуров Алексей Алексеевич – м.н.с.</p><p>677000, Якутск, ул. Ярославского, 6/3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">binbaher@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5977-5518</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крылов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крылов Алексей Васильевич – м.н.с.</p><p>677000, Якутск, ул. Ярославского, 6/3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexkrulovwork@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2143-0021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кононова</surname><given-names>С. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kononova</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кононова Сардана Кононовна – к.б.н., гл.н.с., рук. отдела молекулярной генетики.</p><p>677000, Якутск, ул. Ярославского, 6/3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">konsard@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5225-5940</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефремова</surname><given-names>С. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efremova</surname><given-names>S. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ефремова Светлана Дмитриевна – м.н.с.</p><p>677000, Якутск, ул. Ярославского, 6/3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">esd64@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0010-9850</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Софронова</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sofronova</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Софронова Саргылана Ивановна – к.м.н., гл.н.с., рук. научно-организационного и информационно-издательского отдела.</p><p>677000, Якутск, ул. Ярославского, 6/3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sara2208@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2841-0357</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куртанов</surname><given-names>Х. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurtanov</surname><given-names>Kh. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куртанов Харитон Алексеевич – к.м.н., вед. эксперт группы научно-исследовательской биотехнологической лаборатории отдела научно-технологического развития, ГАУ РС(Я) «Технопарк “Якутия”».</p><p>677009, Якутск, ул. Труда, 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hariton_kurtanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4817-5315</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Романова Анна Николаевна – д.м.н., директор.</p><p>677000, Якутск, ул. Ярославского, 6/3</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ranik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ФГБНУ «Якутский научный центр комплексных медицинских проблем»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>ГАУ РС(Я) «Технопарк “Якутия”»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-3"><institution>ФГБНУ «Якутский научный центр комплексных медицинских проблем</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Павлова Н.И., Бочуров А.А., Крылов А.В., Кононова С.К., Ефремова С.Д., Софронова С.И., Куртанов Х.А., Романова А.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Павлова Н.И., Бочуров А.А., Крылов А.В., Кононова С.К., Ефремова С.Д., Софронова С.И., Куртанов Х.А., Романова А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pavlova N.I., Bochurov A.A., Krylov A.V., Kononova S.K., Efremova S.D., Sofronova S.I., Kurtanov K.A., Romanova A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ymj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3062">https://ymj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3062</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлено исследование по изучению частот вариантов генов PNPLA3 и GCKR в выборках якутов, эвенков и русских. Всего участвовало 728 чел, проживающих в Республике Саха (Якутия) (331 якутов, 147 эвенков и 250 русских). Однонуклеотидные полиморфизмы определяли методом полимеразной цепной реакции с последующим анализом полиморфизма длин рестрикционных фрагментов. В результате исследования установлены достоверные различия между исследованными выборками. По полиморфизму rs738409 гена PNPLA3 якуты и эвенки аллель G составил 72-75% против 53% у русских. По полиморфизму rs2294918 протективный аллель A практически отсутствует у якутов (6,7%) и очень редок у эвенков (17%), популяция русских имеет значительно более высокую долю A (43%). По rs1260326 гена GCKR, рисковый аллель T оказался чаще у русских, чем у якутов и эвенков. По связанному SNP rs780094 русские имеют более высокий процент, рискового аллеля А, около 48% против 40% у якутов и 44% у эвенков. Анализ неравновесия по сцеплению (LD) между парой полиморфизмов rs738409 и rs2294918 в гене PNPLA3 показал крайне слабую связь этих SNP. Полиморфизмы rs780094 и rs1260326 GCKR продемонстрировали сильную сцепленность во всех трех исследованных выборках. У русских в выборке отмечена связь генотипа полиморфизма rs738409 PNPLA3 с концентрацией триглицеридов, а полиморфизмы гена GCKR показали значимое влияние на активность АЛТ. Полученные данные согласуются с гипотезой, что некоторые патологичные аллели закрепились у северных народов благодаря прежним адаптивным преимуществам, однако в современных условиях из благоприятных стали вредоносными.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents a study of the frequencies of PNPLA3 and GCKR gene variants in samples of Yakuts, Evenks, and Russians. A total of 728 people living in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) participated (331 Yakuts, 147 Evenks, and 250 Russians). Single nucleotide polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The study revealed significant differences between the studied samples. For the rs738409 polymorphism of the PNPLA3 gene, the G allele was 72-75% in Yakuts and Evenks versus 53% in Russians. For the rs2294918 polymorphism, the protective allele A is virtually absent in Yakuts (6.7%) and very rare in Evenks (17%), the Russian population has a significantly higher proportion of A (43%). For rs1260326 of the GCKR gene, the risk allele T was more common in Russians than in Yakuts and Evenks. For the associated SNP rs780094, Russians have a higher percentage of the risk allele A, approximately 48% versus 40% in Yakuts and 44% in Evenks. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis between the pair of polymorphisms rs738409 and rs2294918 in the PNPLA3 gene showed an extremely weak association between these SNPs. Polymorphisms rs780094 and rs1260326 GCKR demonstrated strong linkage in all three studied samples. In the Russian sample, an association was noted between the genotype of the rs738409 PNPLA3 polymorphism and the concentration of triglycerides, and polymorphisms of the GCKR gene showed a significant effect on ALT activity. The obtained data are consistent with the hypothesis that some pathological alleles became established in northern populations due to previous adaptive advantages, but in modern conditions, they have transformed from beneficial to harmful.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>PNPLA3</kwd><kwd>GCKR</kwd><kwd>НАЖБП</kwd><kwd>якуты</kwd><kwd>эвенки</kwd><kwd>русские</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>PNPLA3</kwd><kwd>GCKR</kwd><kwd>NAFLD</kwd><kwd>Yakuts</kwd><kwd>Evenks</kwd><kwd>Russians</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Башарин Г.П. История земледелия в Якутии: XVII в.-1917 г. Том. 1. 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