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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ymj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Якутский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Yakut Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-1905</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-1017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЯНЦ КМП</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25789/YMJ.2025.92.05</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ymj-3057</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-морфологические особенности последа у крайне и глубоко недоношенных детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and morphological features of the placenta in extremely and deeply premature infants</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2681-2762</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попов Алексей Владимирович - аспирант кафедры педиатрии, неонатологии и перинатологии с курсом неотложной медицины ФГБОУ ВО «ДВГМУ»; врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог, неонатолог КГБУЗ «Перинатальный центр им. проф. Г.С. Постола» МЗ Хабаровского края.</p><p>680000, Хабаровск, ул. Муравьева-Амурского, 35; 680038, Хабаровск; ул. Истомина, 85</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lexa-popv-hb@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4054-1675</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плотоненко</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Plotonenko</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Плотоненко Зинаида Анатольевна - к.м.н., доцент кафедры педиатрии, неонатологии и перинатологии с курсом неотложной медицины.</p><p>680000, Хабаровск, ул. Муравьева-Амурского, 35</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">basset_2004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3748-2639</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кожарская</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozharskaya</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кожарская Ольга Валерьевна - врач патологоанатом, зав. патологоанатомическим отделением.</p><p>680038, Хабаровск; ул. Истомина, 85</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga04091963@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сенькевич</surname><given-names>О. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Senkevich</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сенькевич Ольга Александровна -д.м.н., проф., зав. кафедрой педиатрии, неонатологии и перинатологии с курсом неотложной медицины.</p><p>680000, Хабаровск, ул. Муравьева-Амурского, 35</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">senkevicholga@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Дальневосточный государственный медицинский университет»; КГБУЗ «Перинатальный центр имени профессора Г.С. Постола» МЗ Хабаровского края</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Дальневосточный государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-3"><institution>КГБУЗ «Перинатальный центра имени профессора Г.С. Постола» МЗ Хабаровского края</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Попов А.В., Плотоненко З.А., Кожарская О.В., Сенькевич О.A., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попов А.В., Плотоненко З.А., Кожарская О.В., Сенькевич О.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popov A.V., Plotonenko Z.A., Kozharskaya O.V., Senkevich O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ymj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3057">https://ymj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3057</self-uri><abstract><p>Плацента является связующим звеном между матерью и плодом. Статья посвящена проблеме выявления патологических изменений последа для диагностики различных клинических состояний у недоношенного крайне незрелого ребенка. Методом сплошной выборки исследован 131 послед (96 последов крайне недоношенных детей с гестационным сроком менее 28 полных недель и 35 последов недоношенных детей от 28 до 32 недель гестации). Проведен сравнительный анализ основных морфометрических параметров плаценты; наличие воспалительных заболеваний плаценты (хориоамнионит; децидуит; плацентит; фуникулит, виллузит, флебит сосудов пуповины); наличие острого нарушение плацентарного кровообращения, хронической декомпенсированной плацентарной недостаточности. Полученные результаты по каждому последу были внесены в общую базу и подвергнуты статистической обработке. При сравнении основных клинико-морфометрических показателей последов живо- и мертворожденных на сроке гестации от 22 до 32 недель, достоверная разница была выявлена по массе плода, сроку гестации, массе плаценты и массе пуповины. Внутриматочная инфекция, проявляющаяся виллузитом и децидуитом, в 3,3 раза повышает вероятность мертворождения на сроке гестации от 22 до 28 недель. Наличие инволюции плаценты в 17,3 раза увеличивает риск мертворождения. Гистологическое исследование последа является важным этапом в диагностике причин мертворожденности на сроке гестации от 22 до 32 недель.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The placenta is the connecting link between mother and fetus. The article is devoted to the problem of identifying pathological changes in the placenta for the diagnosis of various clinical conditions in a premature extremely immature child. The continuous sampling method examined 131 afterbirth (96 afterbirth of extremely premature infants with a gestational age of less than 28 full weeks and 35 afterbirth of premature infants from 28 to 32 weeks of gestation). A comparative analysis of the main morphometric parameters of the placenta was performed; the presence of inflammatory diseases of the placenta (chorioamnionitis; deciduitis; placentitis; funiculitis, villousitis, phlebitis of umbilical cord vessels); the presence of acute placental circulatory disorders, chronic decompensated placental insufficiency. The results obtained for each of the latter were entered into a common database and subjected to statistical processing. When comparing the main clinical and morphometric parameters of live and stillborn babies at gestation from 22 to 32 weeks, a significant difference was found in fetal weight, gestation period, placenta mass and umbilical cord mass. An intrauterine infection, manifested by villousitis and deciduitis, increases the probability of stillbirth by 3.3 times at 22 to 28 weeks of gestation. The presence of placental involution increases the risk of stillbirth by 17.3 times. Histological examination of the placenta is an important step in diagnosing the causes of stillbirth at 22 to 32 weeks of gestation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>плацента</kwd><kwd>крайняя незрелость</kwd><kwd>недоношенность</kwd><kwd>мертворождение</kwd><kwd>внутриутробная инфекция</kwd><kwd>инволюция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>placenta</kwd><kwd>extreme immaturity</kwd><kwd>premature</kwd><kwd>stillbirth</kwd><kwd>intrauterine infection</kwd><kwd>involution</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акушерство: национальное руководство / Под ред. Г.М. Савельевой, Г.Т. Сухих, В.Н. доп. 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