ymjЯкутский медицинский журналYakut Medical Journal1813-19052312-1017ЯНЦ КМП10.25789/YMJ.2023.82.24ymj-231Research ArticleНАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИSCIENTIFIC REVIEWS AND LECTURESГенетические факторы ожиренияGenetic factors of obesityПавловаН. И.PavlovaN. I.

Надежда Ивановна Павлова, к. б. н., в. н. с.-руковод. лаб.

Якутск

Yakutsk

solnishko_84@inbox.ruАлексеевВ. А.AlekseevV. A.

Владислав Амирович Алексеев, м. н. с.

Якутск

Yakutsk

vldslvalekseev@gmail.comФГБНУ «Якутский научный центр комплексных медицинских проблем»РоссияYakut Scientific Center for Complex Medical ProblemsRussian FederationАрктический медицинский центрРоссияArctic Medical CenterRussian Federation20230602202502102106Copyright © Павлова Н.И., Алексеев В.А., 20252025Павлова Н.И., Алексеев В.А.Pavlova N.I., Alekseev V.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ymj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/231

   В обзоре описаны генетические причины ожирения, включая синдромальные, моно- и полигенные причины. Быстро растущая распространенность ожирения среди населения в последние десятилетия является важной проблемой общественного здравоохранения, поскольку оно увеличивает риск развития диабета, сердечных заболеваний, инсульта и других серьезных заболеваний. Его причины включают чрезмерное потребление высококалорийной пищи, а также малоподвижный образ жизни. Доказано, что на развитие ожирения, помимо энергетического дисбаланса, на 40–70 % влияют наследственные факторы. Как правило, ожирение возникает в результате взаимодействия определенных полиморфизмов генов с окружающей средой. Лишь небольшое количество случаев ожирения является результатом наличия мутаций в определенных генах (моногенное ожирение), вызывающих менделевские синдромы с очень низкой частотой среди населения.

   The review describes the genetic causes of obesity, including syndromal, monogenic and polygenic causes. The rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity in the population in recent decades is an important public health issue because it increases the risk of diabetes, heart disease, stroke and other serious diseases. Its causes include excessive consumption of high-calorie foods, as well as a sedentary lifestyle. It has been proven that, in addition to energy imbalance, 40–70 % of the development of obesity is influenced by hereditary factors. As a rule, obesity results from the interaction of certain gene polymorphisms with the environment. Only a small number of cases of obesity are the result of the presence of mutations in certain genes (monogenic obesity), causing Mendelian syndromes with a very low frequency in the population.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.