<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ymj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Якутский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Yakut Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1813-1905</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2312-1017</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ЯНЦ КМП</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25789/YMJ.2022.78.29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ymj-148</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАУЧНЫЕ ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Характеристика методов и средств местной анестезии в клинической стоматологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Characteristics of methods and means of local anesthesia in clinical dentistry</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4044-3004</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ушницкий</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ushnitsky</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ушницкий Иннокентий Дмитриевич – д.м.н., проф., зав.кафедрой</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ushnitsky Innokentiy D. – M.D., Professor, Head of the Department of Therapeutic, Surgical, Orthopedic Dentistry and Pediatric Dentistry</p><p>Yakutia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">incadim@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6371-0734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чахов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chakhov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чахов Александр Александрович – к.м.н., доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chakhov Aleksandr A. – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Therapeutic, Surgical, Orthopedic Dentistry and Pediatric Dentistry</p><p>Yakutia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexalex41169@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пинелис</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pinelis</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пинелис Иосиф Семенович – д.м.н., проф.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pinelis Iosiph.S. – MD, Professor, Department of Surgical Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery</p><p>Zabaikalsky Krai, Chita</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pinelis1@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юркевич</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurkevich</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юркевич Александр Владимирович – д.м.н., проф., декан факультета, зав. кафедрой</p><p>г. Хабаровск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yurkevich Aleksandr V. – MD, Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Dentistry, Head of the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry</p><p>Khabarovsk Krai, Khabarovsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Медицинский институт СВФУ им. М.К. Аммосова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Medical Institute of M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University RS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Медицинский институт СВФУ им. М.К. Аммосова<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Medical Institute of M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, RS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ЧГМА<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Chita State Medical Academy"<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">ДВГМУ МЗ РФ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Far Eastern State Medical University MH RF<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>113</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ушницкий И.Д., Чахов А.А., Пинелис И.С., Юркевич А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ушницкий И.Д., Чахов А.А., Пинелис И.С., Юркевич А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ushnitsky I.D., Chakhov A.A., Pinelis I.S., Yurkevich A.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ymj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/148">https://ymj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/148</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре рассматриваются современные аспекты повышения эффективности и безопасности местной анестезии в стоматологии, поскольку специализированная помощь является самой массовой среди населения, что связано с высоким уровнем распространенности кариеса зубов, его осложнений и болезней пародонта. При этом значительная часть клинических случаев требует проведения обезболивания, где адекватная анестезия достигается с учетом психоэмоционального состояния, коморбидности, возраста пациентов, видов анестетиков и технологий блокады ветвей тройничного нерва. В настоящее время данная проблема до конца не решена. В связи с этим постоянно проводятся исследования, направленные на повышение обезболивающего эффекта и безопасности местной анестезии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review examines the current aspects of improving the effectiveness and safety of local anesthesia in dentistry, since specialized care is the most common among the population due to the high prevalence of dental caries, its complications and periodontal diseases. At the same time, a significant proportion of clinical cases require anesthesia, where adequate anesthesia is achieved taking into account the psychoemotional state, comorbidity, age of patients, types of anesthetics and trigeminal nerve ramus block techniques. Currently, this problem has not been completely solved. Therefore, there are the researches increasing the anesthetic effect and safety of local anesthesia.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>местная анестезия</kwd><kwd>анестетики</kwd><kwd>тройничный нерв</kwd><kwd>осложнения анестезии</kwd><kwd>премедикация</kwd><kwd>эффективность и безопасность обезболивания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>local anesthesia</kwd><kwd>anesthetics</kwd><kwd>trigeminal nerve</kwd><kwd>anesthesia complications</kwd><kwd>premedication</kwd><kwd>efficiency and safety of anesthesia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Анатомия переднего отдела нижней челюсти у взрослого человека / А.К. Иорданишвили, М.И. Музыкин, А.Е. Нагайко, Е.С. Вербицкий // Кубанский научный медицинский вестник. 2017; 24(3):44-50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iordanishvili A.K., Muzykin M.I., Nagayko A.E., Verbitsky E.S. Anatomy of the anterior mandible in an adult. Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin. 2017; 24(3):44-50. https://doi.org/10.25207/1608-6228-2017-24-3-44-50</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бахмудов Б.Р. Анатомическое обоснование клинической эффективности проводниковой анестезии внутрикостной части подбородочного нерва / Б.Р. Бахмудов, Ю.Л. Васильев, А.Н. Кузин // Стоматология. 2018; 97(2):41-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakhmudov B.R., Vasiliev Y.L., Kuzin A.N. Anatomical substantiation of the clinical efficacy of conduction anesthesia of the intraosseous part of the chin nerve. Dentistry. 2018; 97(2):41-43. https://doi.org/10.25207/1608-6228-2017-24-3-44-50</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бахмудов Б.Р. Результаты многолетнего опыта использования анестетика Ультракаин Д-С при удалении зубов у беременных женщин / Б.Р. Бахмудов, З.Б. Алиева, М.Б. Бахмудов // Новое в стоматологии. 2019; 4:2-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bahmudov B.R., Alieva Z.B., Bahmudov M.B. The results of many years of experience in the use of the anesthetic Ultracaine D-S for tooth extraction in pregnant women. New dentistry. 2019; 4:2-7. DOI: 10.37988/1811-153X_2019_1_92</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бельфер М.Л. Артикаин как местный анестетик в стоматологии / М.Л. Бельфер // Стоматолог-практик. 2017; 1:72-73. Belfer M.L. Articaine as a local anesthetic in dentistry. Dentist-practitioner. 2017; 1:72-73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бельфер М.Л. Артикаин как местный анестетик в стоматологии / М.Л. Бельфер // Стоматолог-практик. 2017; 1:72-73. Belfer M.L. Articaine as a local anesthetic in dentistry. Dentist-practitioner. 2017; 1:72-73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Борисова Э.Г. Клинические и судебномедицинские аспекты применения анестетиков в амбулаторной стоматологической практике / Э.Г. Борисова, Э.С. Грига, Х.О. Ягмуров // Стоматолог-практик. 2017; 4:42-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borisova E.G., Griga E.S., YAgmurov H.O. Clinical and forensic aspects of the use of anesthetics in outpatient dental practice. Dentist practitioner. 2017; 4:42-43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильев Ю.Л. Состояние вопроса и пути решения стандартизации карпульной технологии (обзор литературы) / Ю.Л. Васильев, С.А. Рабинович // Анестезиология и реаниматология. 2018; 63(2):139-141.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasilyev YU.L., Rabinovich S.A. The state of the issue and ways to solve the standardization of carpool technology (literature review). Anesthesiology and resuscitation. 2018; 63(2):139-141.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волков С.И. Топографо-анатомическое и клиническое обоснование проведения мандибулярной анестезии / С.И. Волков, С.Н. Лебедев, Ю.В. Лебедева // Морфология. 2018; 153(3):61-64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkov S.I., Lebedev S.N., Lebedeva YU.V. Topographic-anatomical and clinical justification of mandibular surgery. Morphology. 2018; 153(3):61-64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Волков С.И. Способ проведения мандибулярной анестезии на основании топографоанатомических ориентиров / С.И. Волков, С.Н. Лебедев, Ю.В. Лебедева // Стоматология. 2019; 98(3):94-96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkov S.I., Lebedev S.N., Lebedeva YU.V. Method of mandibular anesthesia based on topographic and anatomical landmarks. Dentistry. 2019; 3:94-96. https://doi.org/10.17116/stomat20199803194</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гришанин Г.Г. Стресс в стоматологии / Г.Г. Гришанин. - Харьков : Каравелла, 1998. – 168 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grishanin G.G. Stress in dentistry. Harkov : Karavella, 1998:168.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Исследование психоэмоционального состояния пациентов на стоматологическом приеме / Н.Е. Митин, Т.С. Родина, А.В. Гуськов, А.В. Юдин // Клиническая стоматология. 2018; 4(88):80-82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitin N.E., Rodina T.S., Guskov A.V., Yudin A.V. Investigation of the psychoemotional state of patients at a dental appointment. Clinical dentistry. 2018; 4(88):80-82.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Исследование эффективности и безопасности использования 4% раствора артикаина с различным содержанием эпинефрина / Е.Н. Анисимова, С.Н. Ермольев, Л.В. Першина [и др.] // Институт стоматологии. 2017; 1(74):38-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anisimova E.N., Ermolyev S.N., Pershina L.V. Letunova N.Yu., Orekhova I.V. Investigation of the effectiveness and safety of using 4% articaine solution with different epinephrine content. Institute of dentistry. 2017; 1(74):38-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ичинохе Т. Характеристика и выбор седативных средств и клинических стратегий внутривенной умеренной седации при лечении зубов / Т. Ичинохе // Клиническая стоматология. 2021; 97(1):75-79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ichinohe T. Characteristics and selection of sedatives and clinical strategies for intravenous moderate sedation in dental treatment. Clinical dentistry. 2021; 97(1):75-79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Купирование боли после эндодонтического лечения / К.В. Веткова, Е.В. Елохина, Л.М. Ломиашвили [и др.] // Эндодонтия Today. 2020; 18(4):10-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vetkova K.V., Elohina E.V., Lomiashvili L.M., Chekina A.V., Eorev S.M. Relief of pain after endodontic treatment. Endodontics Today. 2020; 18(4):10-13. DOI: 10.36377/1683-2981-2020-18-4-10-13</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лазарев В.В. Анестезия и ксенон в детской стоматологии / В.В. Лазарев, Д.М. Халиуллин // Вестник анестезиологии и реаниматологии. 2019; 4:31-35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lazarev V.V., Haliullin D.M. Anesthesia and xenon in pediatric dentistry. Bulletin of anesthesiology and intensive care. 2019; 4:31-35. https://doi.org/10.21292/2078-5658-2019-16-4-31-37</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лазерная допплеровская флоуметрия как способ диагностики психофизиологического состояния пациента на стоматологическом приеме / Д.В. Михальченко, Ю.А. Македонова, Е.И. Адамович [и др.] // Клиническая стоматология. 2020; 95(3):66-71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mihalchenko D.V., Makedonova Yu.A., Adamovich E.I., Marymova E.B., Venskel E.V. Laser Doppler flowmetry as a way to diagnose the psychophysiological condition of a patient at a dental appointment. Clinical dentistry. 2020; 95(3):66-71. DOI: 10.37988/1811-153X_2020_3_66</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Место острых реакций лекарственной гиперчувствительности при использовании местных анестетиков в условиях многопрофильной клиники / Н.М. Рахматуллина, Д.Г. Ахмедзянова, Н.А. Сибгатуллина [и др.] // Вестник современной клинической медицины. 2018; 11(5):115-118.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rahmatullina N.M., Ahmedzyanova D.G., Sibgatullina N.A. The place of acute drug hypersensitivity reactions when using local anesthetics in a multidisciplinary clinic. Bulletin of contemporary clinical medicine. 2018; 11(5):115-118. DOI: 10.20969/VSKM.2018.11(5).115-118</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Овсепян А.П. Анестезия без боли и страха. Кафедра / А.П. Овсепян // Стоматологическое образование. – 2017. – №59. – С.10-12. Ovsepyan A.P. Anesthesia without pain and fear. Department. Dentistry education. 2017; 59:10-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Овсепян А.П. Анестезия без боли и страха. Кафедра / А.П. Овсепян // Стоматологическое образование. – 2017. – №59. – С.10-12. Ovsepyan A.P. Anesthesia without pain and fear. Department. Dentistry education. 2017; 59:10-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Опыт использования остеоцентральной методики интрасептальной анестезии при лечении кариеса дентина и пульпита постоянных моляров на нижней челюсти / С.А. Рабинович, Т.Д. Бабич, И.А. Зиновьев [и др.] // Клиническая стоматология. 2020; 2(94):18-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rabinovich S.A., Babich T.D., Zinovyev I.A., Zinovyeva A.A., Dashkova O.P., Vasilyev YU.L. Experience of using the osteocentral technique of intraceptal anesthesia in the treatment of dentine caries and pulpitis of permanent molars on the lower jaw. Clinical dentistry. 2020; 2(94):18-23. DOI: 10.37988/1811-153X_2020_2_18</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пародонтальное обезболивание. Современные технологии / С.А. Рабинович, Ю.Л. Васильев, Т.Д. Бабич, И.А. Зиновьев. - М.: ГЭ-ОТАР-Медиа, 2019. – С.96</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rabinovich S.A., Vasilyev Yu.L., Babich T.D., Zinovyev I.A. Periodontal anesthesia. Modern technologies. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2019:96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Практические аспекты седации в стоматологии / А.Ю. Зайцев, В.А. Светлов, К.В. Дубровин, Д.Н. Назарян // Стоматология. 2019; 98(4):96-102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaitsev A.Yu., Svetlov V.A., Dubrovin K.V., Nazaryan D.N. Practical aspects of sedation in dentistry. Dentristry. 2019; 98(4):96‑102. https:// doi.org/10.17116/stomat20199804196</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рабинович С.А. Системная токсичность местных анестетиков / С.А. Рабинович, Л.А. Заводиленко // Стоматология. 2017; 96(2):36-42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rabinovich S.A., Zavodilenko L.A. Systemic toxicity of local anesthetics. Dentistry. 2017; 96(2):36-42. https://doi.org/10.17116/stomat201796236-42</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рабинович С.А. Соматические осложнения в условиях стоматологического кабинета (Диагностика и неотложная/экстренная помощь) / С.А. Рабинович, Л.А. Заводиленко. - М.: Гелиопринт, 2017. – С.39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rabinovich S.A. Zavodilenko L.A. Somatic complications in a dental office (Diagnosis and emergency / emergency care). M.: Gelioprint, 2017:39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Раздвоенный канал нижней челюсти / С.Л. Кабак, Ю.М. Мельниченко, Н.А. Саврасова, Н.В. Журавлева // Стоматология. 2018; 97(1):63-66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kabak S.L., Melnichenko Yu.M., Savrasova N.A., Zhuravleva N.V. Bifid mandibular canal. Denistry. 2018; 97(1):63-66. https://doi.org/10.17116/stomat201897163-66</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Роль премедикации и психотерапевтической подготовки в профилактике психогенных реакций пациента на стоматологическом ортопедическом приеме / А.А. Бизяев, Коннов В.В., Масленников Д.Н. [и др.] // Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2016; 3:107-110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bizyaev A.A., Konnov V.V., Maslennikov D.N., Arushanyan A.R., Konnov S.V. The role of premedication and psychotherapeutic training in the prevention of psychogenic reactions of a patient at a dental orthopedic appointment. Contemporary issues of science and education . 2016; 3:107-110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стоматологическая помощь пациентам с риском развития побочных реакций на местные анестетики / А.В. Кузин, А.П. Шафранский, З.М. Измайлова, Г.В. Ремизов // Стоматология. 2018; 97(6):63-66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzin AV, Shafransky AP, Izmaĭlova ZM, Remizov GV. Dental care for patients at risk of adverse reaction to local anesthetics. Denistry. 2018; 97(6):63-66. https://doi.org/10.17116/stomat20189706163</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стоматофобия у подростков: методы выявления и предупреждения / Т.Ю. Гречко, И.В. Корецкая, В.А. Урядникова [и др.] // Прикладные информационные аспекты медицины. 2018; 21(2):28-32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grechko T.Yu., Koreckaya I.V., Uryadnikova V.A. Eremeeva P.S., Oganisyan G.T. Stomatophobia in adolescents: methods of detection and prevention. Applied information aspects of medicine. 2018; 21(2):28-32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Туркина А.Ю. Состав и свойства препаратов для местной анестезии на основе артикаина / А.Ю. Туркина // Dental Tribune Russia. 2018; 1:5-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turkina A.Yu. The composition and properties of drugs for local anesthesia based on articaine. Dental Tribune Russia. 2018; 1:5-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хасянов А.Ш. Качество жизни пациентов, нуждающихся в хирургическом ортогнатическом лечении / А.Ш. Хасянов, В.Д. Вагнер, Л.Е. Смирнова // Институт стоматологии. 2017; 1:18-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hasyanov A.Sh., Vagner V.D., Smirnova L.E. The quality of life of patients in need of surgical orthodontic treatment. Institute of dentistry. 2017; 1:18-20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шикова Е. Актуальность применения нейромышечной концепции в ортодонтии / Е. Шикова // Dental Market. 2017; 3:39-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shikova E. The relevance of the application of the neuromuscular concept in orthodontics. Dental Market. 2017; 3:39-44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Экспериментальное исследование по оценке эффективности местноанестезирующей активности новой диметилфенилацетамид-содержащей фармацевтической композиции при хроническом периодонтите / Е.В. Блинова, Е.В. Семелева, А.М. Шилова [и др.] // Стоматология. 2020; 99(2):11-16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blinova EV, Semeleva EV, Shilova AM, Vediaeva AP, Blinov DS, Skachilova SYa, Vasilyev YuL, Vasilkina OV, Samishina EA, Мeilanova RD. Experimental study of the effectiveness of local anesthetic activity of a new dimethylphenylacetamide-containing pharmaceutical composition in chronic periodontitis.. Denistry. 2020; 99(2):11‑16. https://doi.org/10.17116/stomat20209902111</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allen G., Chan D., Gue S. Investigation and Diagnosis of an Immediate Allergy to Amide Local Anaesthetic in a Paediatric Dental Patient. Australian Dental J. 2017; 62(2):241-245.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allen G., Chan D., Gue S. Investigation and Diagnosis of an Immediate Allergy to Amide Local Anaesthetic in a Paediatric Dental Patient. Australian Dental J. 2017; 62(2):241-245.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anesthetic efficiency of articaine versus lidocaine in the extraction of lower third molars: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Zhang A., Tang H., Liu S., Ma C., Ma S., Zhao H. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2019; 77:18-28. DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2018.08.020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anesthetic efficiency of articaine versus lidocaine in the extraction of lower third molars: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Zhang A., Tang H., Liu S., Ma C., Ma S., Zhao H. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2019; 77:18-28. DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2018.08.020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bartold P.M. Personalized/Precision Dentistry - The Future of Dentistry? Australian Dental J. 2017; 62(3):257-259.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bartold P.M. Personalized/Precision Dentistry - The Future of Dentistry? Australian Dental J. 2017; 62(3):257-259.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benefits and harms associated with analgesic medications used in the management of acute dental pain: An overview of systematic reviews / Moore P.A., Ziegler K.M., Lipman R., Aminoshariae A. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2018; 149(4):256-265. DOI:10.1016/j.adaj.2018.02.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benefits and harms associated with analgesic medications used in the management of acute dental pain: An overview of systematic reviews / Moore P.A., Ziegler K.M., Lipman R., Aminoshariae A. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2018; 149(4):256-265. DOI:10.1016/j.adaj.2018.02.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brignardello-Petersen R. Local anesthetic administered with a pressure syringe system probably results in less successful and insufficient anesthesia than an inferior alveolar nerve block in patients undergoing mandibular posterior tooth extractions. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2018: 149(2):147-149.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brignardello-Petersen R. Local anesthetic administered with a pressure syringe system probably results in less successful and insufficient anesthesia than an inferior alveolar nerve block in patients undergoing mandibular posterior tooth extractions. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2018: 149(2):147-149.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Comparison of onset anesthesia time and injection discomfort of 4% articaine and 2% mepivacaine during teeth extractions. Gazal G., Alharbi R., Fareed W. Omar E., Alolayan A.B., Al-Zoubi H., Alnazzawi A.A. Saudi J. Anaesth. 2017; 11(2):152-157. doi: 10.4103/1658-354X.203017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Comparison of onset anesthesia time and injection discomfort of 4% articaine and 2% mepivacaine during teeth extractions. Gazal G., Alharbi R., Fareed W. Omar E., Alolayan A.B., Al-Zoubi H., Alnazzawi A.A. Saudi J. Anaesth. 2017; 11(2):152-157. doi: 10.4103/1658-354X.203017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Effect of premedication to provide analgesia as a supplement to inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis. Lapidus D., Goldberg J., Edward H. Ram S., Clark G., Enciso R. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2016; 147(6):427–437. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2016.01.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Effect of premedication to provide analgesia as a supplement to inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with irreversible pulpitis. Lapidus D., Goldberg J., Edward H. Ram S., Clark G., Enciso R. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2016; 147(6):427–437. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2016.01.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia. George St. G., Morgan A., Meechan J., Moles D.R., Needleman I., Ng Y.L., Petrie A. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2018; 7(7):CD006487. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006487.pub2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia. George St. G., Morgan A., Meechan J., Moles D.R., Needleman I., Ng Y.L., Petrie A. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2018; 7(7):CD006487. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006487.pub2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stirrup P., Crean S. Does articaine, rather than lidocaine, increase the risk of nerve damage when administered for inferior alveolar nerve blocks in patients undergoing local anaesthesia for dental treatment? British Dental Journal. 2019; 226(3):213-223. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2019.98</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stirrup P., Crean S. Does articaine, rather than lidocaine, increase the risk of nerve damage when administered for inferior alveolar nerve blocks in patients undergoing local anaesthesia for dental treatment? British Dental Journal. 2019; 226(3):213-223. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2019.98</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shehabi Z., Flood C., Matthew L. Midazolam use for dental conscious sedation: how safe are we? British Dental Journal. 2018; 224(2):98-104. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.1042</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shehabi Z., Flood C., Matthew L. Midazolam use for dental conscious sedation: how safe are we? British Dental Journal. 2018; 224(2):98-104. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.1042</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trayner K., Nguyen M., Bagg J. Use of safety syringes for administration of local anaesthesia among a sample of UK primary care dental professionals. British Dental Journal. 2018; 225:957-961.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trayner K., Nguyen M., Bagg J. Use of safety syringes for administration of local anaesthesia among a sample of UK primary care dental professionals. British Dental Journal. 2018; 225:957-961.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vigneswaran T. Aravind R. Vijay A randomized study of 4% articaine versus 2% lignocaine for surgical removal of the third molar. Drug. Invent. Today. 2019; 12:632-635.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vigneswaran T. Aravind R. Vijay A randomized study of 4% articaine versus 2% lignocaine for surgical removal of the third molar. Drug. Invent. Today. 2019; 12:632-635.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wright F. Local anaesthesia in dentistry, second edition : Book Review. British Dental Journal. 2018; 225:7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wright F. Local anaesthesia in dentistry, second edition : Book Review. British Dental Journal. 2018; 225:7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
